DHS 2012 | DHS 2018 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Optimal coverage N = 1,137 | Partial coverage N = 1,897 | p-value1 | Partial coverage N = 1,661 | Optimal coverage N = 2,551 | p-value1 |
Sociodemographic variables | ||||||
Age of mothers | 0.3 | 0.070 | ||||
15–18 | 60 (5.3%) | 106 (5.6%) | 68 (4.1%) | 117 (4.6%) | ||
19–30 | 670 (59%) | 1,147 (60%) | 919 (55%) | 1,489 (58%) | ||
31t-40 | 327 (29%) | 552 (29%) | 541 (33%) | 794 (31%) | ||
41–49 | 80 (7.0%) | 92 (4.8%) | 132 (8.0%) | 152 (6.0%) | ||
Wealth quintile | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Highest | 52 (4.6%) | 541 (29%) | 138 (8.3%) | 636 (25%) | ||
Middle | 272 (24%) | 412 (22%) | 391 (24%) | 532 (21%) | ||
Lower | 257 (23%) | 314 (17%) | 429 (26%) | 419 (16%) | ||
Lowest | 367 (32%) | 188 (9.9%) | 487 (29%) | 268 (11%) | ||
Richer | 189 (17%) | 443 (23%) | 215 (13%) | 696 (27%) | ||
Marital status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Married | 1,076 (95%) | 1,702 (90%) | 1,585 (95%) | 2,362 (93%) | ||
Single | 61 (5.3%) | 196 (10%) | 76 (4.6%) | 189 (7.4%) | ||
Number of household members | 0.2 | 0.6 | ||||
1–5 | 304 (27%) | 553 (29%) | 478 (29%) | 748 (29%) | ||
6–10 | 533 (47%) | 910 (48%) | 883 (53%) | 1,310 (51%) | ||
> 10 | 300 (26%) | 434 (23%) | 300 (18%) | 493 (19%) | ||
Education of the mother | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Higher | 2 (0.2%) | 53 (2.8%) | 18 (1.1%) | 81 (3.2%) | ||
No formal education | 990 (87%) | 1,262 (66%) | 1,412 (85%) | 1,792 (70%) | ||
Primary | 102 (9.0%) | 300 (16%) | 146 (8.8%) | 267 (10%) | ||
Secondary | 42 (3.7%) | 282 (15%) | 86 (5.1%) | 412 (16%) | ||
Age of the head of household | 0.3 | 0.10 | ||||
16–25 | 42 (3.7%) | 47 (2.5%) | 48 (2.9%) | 82 (3.2%) | ||
26–40 | 401 (35%) | 737 (39%) | 624 (38%) | 1,060 (42%) | ||
41–60 | 495 (44%) | 775 (41%) | 745 (45%) | 1,092 (43%) | ||
> 60 | 199 (18%) | 339 (18%) | 244 (15%) | 318 (12%) | ||
Currently working | < 0.001 | 0.014 | ||||
Yes | 964 (85%) | 1,467 (77%) | 1,110 (67%) | 1,946 (76%) | ||
No | 173 (15%) | 430 (23%) | 551 (33%) | 605 (24%) | ||
Access to newspapers | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Access | 11 (1.0%) | 183 (9.6%) | 35 (2.1%) | 256 (10%) | ||
No access | 1,125 (99%) | 1,715 (90%) | 1,626 (98%) | 2,295 (90%) | ||
Access to the radio | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Access | 644 (57%) | 1,270 (67%) | 889 (54%) | 1,763 (69%) | ||
No access | 493 (43%) | 627 (33%) | 772 (46%) | 789 (31%) | ||
Access to the TV | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Access | 274 (24%) | 969 (51%) | 475 (29%) | 1,417 (56%) | ||
No access | 863 (76%) | 929 (49%) | 1,186 (71%) | 1,134 (44%) | ||
Education of the mothers’ partner | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Higher | 24 (2.1%) | 201 (11%) | 46 (2.8%) | 281 (11%) | ||
No formal education | 900 (79%) | 1,048 (55%) | 1,327 (80%) | 1,631 (64%) | ||
Primary | 125 (11%) | 282 (15%) | 114 (6.8%) | 194 (7.6%) | ||
Secondary | 87 (7.7%) | 367 (19%) | 175 (11%) | 445 (17%) | ||
Number of living children | < 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
1–2 | 372 (33%) | 842 (44%) | 567 (34%) | 992 (39%) | ||
3–4 | 377 (33%) | 604 (32%) | 608 (37%) | 949 (37%) | ||
5–7 | 336 (30%) | 409 (22%) | 430 (26%) | 538 (21%) | ||
> 7 | 52 (4.6%) | 42 (2.2%) | 56 (3.4%) | 73 (2.9%) | ||
Child gender | > 0.9 | 0.10 | ||||
Female | 540 (47%) | 905 (48%) | 793 (48%) | 1,292 (51%) | ||
Male | 597 (53%) | 992 (52%) | 868 (52%) | 1,259 (49%) | ||
Obstetric variables | ||||||
Planned current pregnancy | < 0.001 | 0.10 | ||||
Yes | 856 (75%) | 1,306 (69%) | 1,231 (74%) | 1,952 (77%) | ||
No | 281 (25%) | 591 | 430 (26%) | 599 (23%) | ||
Moment of the 1st CPN | < 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
First quarter | 376 (33%) | 858 (45%) | 481 (29%) | 930 (36%) | ||
Second quarter | 449 (40%) | 876 (46%) | 900 (54%) | 1,442 (57%) | ||
Third quarter | 312 (27%) | 163 (8.6%) | 280 (17%) | 179 (7.0%) | ||
ANCs visits number | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
0–3 | 700 (62%) | 536 (28%) | 507 (84%) | 1,034 (85%) | ||
≥ 4 | 437 (38%) | 1,362 (72%) | 96 (16%) | 177 (15%) |