Fig. 2

Prophylactic antiviral intervention increased maternal Treg frequency at delivery A Gating strategy for Tregs. PI was used in the Live/Dead Fixable dead cell stain kit to separate living cells. B Treg frequency in intervention mothers (n = 34), non-intervention mothers (n = 15), and HBsAg⁺ HBeAg⁺ non-pregnant women (IT, n = 3). C Treg frequency in mothers receiving LDT (n = 24) or TDF (n = 10) intervention. D-E Expression of CD62L, CD45RA, CXCR5, CTLA-4, PD-1, CD69, CD38, and HLADR on CD4⁺ T cells or CD8⁺ T cells (intervention mothers, n = 34; non-intervention mothers, n = 15). Data represent the median with 95% CI. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005