Table 2 Distribution of resilience according to socio-demographic characteristics

Region

 < 0.001

 Northeast

158 (79.8%)

27 (27.0%)

24 (28.9%)

 Southeast

40 (20.2%)

73 (73.0%)

59 (71.1%)

Maternal age

0.013

  ≤ 19

57 (28.8%)

18 (18.0%)

12 (14.5%)

  > 19

141 (71.2%)

82 (82.0%)

71 (85.5%)

Ethnicity

 < 0.001

 White

36 (18.2%)

51 (51.0%)

36 (43.4%)

 Other than white

162 (81.8%)

49 (49.0%)

47 (56.6%)

Marital status

0.269

 With partner

152 (76.8%)

74 (74.0%)

56 (67.5%)

 Without partner

46 (23.2%)

26 (26.0%)

27 (32.5%)

Maternal Occupation^a

0.005

 Paid work or studying

110 (55.8%)

74 (74.0%)

57 (68.7%)

 Neither working nor studying

87 (44.2%)

26 (26.0%)

26 (31.3%)

Schooling

0.001

 Primary

28 (14.1%)

6 (6.0%)

1 (1.2%)

 Secondary

140 (70.7%)

67 (67.0%)

65 (78.4%)

 College or more

30 (15.2%)

27 (27.0%)

17 (20.5%)

Monthly Family Income (R$)

 < 0.001

 0–1000

92 (46.5%)

18 (18.0%)

19 (22.9%)

 1001 to 2000

61 (30.8%)

29 (29.0%)

16 (19.3%)

  > 2000

45 (22.7%)

53 (53.0%)

48 (57.8%)

Source of antenatal care

0.011

 Public

189 (95.5%)

86 (86.0%)

78 (94.0%)

 Private/insurance/mixed

9 (4.5%)

14 (14.0%)

5 (6.0%)

Vulnerability

181 (91.4%)

68 (68.0%)

64 (77.1%)

 < 0.001

Smoking

0.079

 Currently or during pregnancy

5 (2.5%)

4 (4.0%)

7 (8.4%)

 Never

193 (97.5%)

96 (96.0%)

76 (91.6%)

Alcohol drinking

0.033

 Currently or during pregnancy

11 (5.6%)

12 (12.0%)

12 (14.5%)

 Never

187 (94.4%)

88 (88.0%)

71 (85.5%)

Other drugs

0.507

 Currently or during pregnancy

3 (1.5%)

3 (3.0%)

3 (3.6%)

 Never

195 (98.5%)

97 (97.0%)

80 (96.4%)

History of use of any substance

0.005

 Currently or during pregnancy

18 (9.1%)

20 (20.0%)

18 (21.7%)

 Never

180 (90.9%)

80 (80.0%)

65 (78.3%)

Previous maternal conditions

30 (15.2%)

29 (29.0%)

18 (21.7%)

0.018

Urinary tract infection in the first half of pregnancy

28 (14.1%)

15 (15.0%)

16 (19.3%)

0.548

Vaginal bleeding in the first half of pregnancy

31 (15.7%)

15 (15.0%)

14 (16.9%)

0.941

Intercourse in the first half of pregnancy

164 (82.8%)

89 (89.0%)

65 (78.3%)

0.144

Occurrence of any infection in the first half of pregnancy

62 (31.3%)

25 (25.0%)

33 (39.8%)

0.101

Hospitalization in the first half of pregnancy

3 (1.5%)

3 (3.0%)

0 (0%)

0.267