Table 2 Bivariate analysis showing the association between the use of IPTp and the explanatory variables

Maternal age group

Death of a child

15–24 ^ref

1.00

-

Ever experienced ^ref

1.00

-

25–34

1.59**

1.18–2.15

Never experienced

1.47**

1.29–1.68

35+

1.66**

1.33–2.07

Timing of first antenatal care visit

Parity

First trimester ^ref

1.00

-

Primiparity

1.00

-

Second trimester

0.64**

0.53–0.76

Multiparity

0.64**

0.53–0.76

Third trimester

0.96

0.51–1.84

Grand multiparity

0.60**

0.56–0.64

Possession of mosquito bed net

Maternal education

No ^ref

1.00

-

None ^ref

1.00

-

Yes

0.79*

0.64–0.98

Primary

1.28

0.99–1.65

Actual sleeping under bed net

Secondary

1.66**

1.33–2.07

No ^ref

1.00

-

Higher

1.59**

1.18–2.15

Yes

1.28*

1.03–1.59

Household wealth

Place of residence

Poorest ^ref

1.00

-

Urban ^ref

1.00

-

Poorer

0.89

0.66–1.19

Rural

0.52**

0.46–0.58

Middle

0.87

0.65–1.17

Geo-political zone

Higher

1.56**

1.16–2.09

North-central ^ref

1.00

-

Highest

1.35*

0.99–1.84

North-east

0.65**

0.54–0.79

Work status

North-west

0.47**

0.39–0.57

Unemployed ^ref

1.00

-

South-east

3.11**

2.32–4.16

Employed

1.26*

1.01–1.57

South-south

1.62**

1.16–2.27

Autonomy on own healthcare

South-west

2.56**

2.06–3.18

Not autonomous ^ref

1.00

-

Community literacy level

Autonomous

1.89**

1.53–2.33

Low ^ref

1.00

-

Health insurance enrolment

Middle

1.03

0.81–1.31

Not enrolled ^ref

1.00

-

High

1.42**

1.12–1.80

Enrolled

2.04**

1.42–2.93

Proportion in community who perceived malaria is easy to treat

Partner education

Low ^ref

1.00

-

None ^ref

1.00

-

Middle

1.29*

1.05–1.59

Primary

1.37*

1.03–1.80

High

2.15*

1.56–2.97

Secondary

2.16**

1.70–2.73

Proportion in community who perceived malaria can cause death

Higher

1.60**

1.23–2.08

Low ^ref

1.00

-

Source of antenatal care

Middle

1.22*

1.02–1.46

Public health facility ^ref

1.00

-

High

1.80**

1.41–2.31

Private health facility

1.41*

1.13–1.75