Table 5 Logistic regression to identify factors associated with adverse neonatal outcomes among mothers who gave birth through induced and spontaneous labor in public hospitals of Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022

Onset of labor

Induced

107(41.2%)

153(58.8%)

6.14(4.22, 8.93) *

1. 89(1.11, 3.22)

0.019

Spontaneous

54(10.2%)

474(89.8%)

1

1

Maternal age

< 20 years

18(26.9%)

49(73.1%)

1.66(0.93, 2.97)

1.29(0.82,3.94)

> 0.1

20–34 years

113(18.1%)

512(81.9%)

1

1

>=35 years

30(31.3%)

66(68.8%)

2.06(1.278, 3.319)

1.12(0.56, 2.27)

Maternal educational status

No education

70(29.7%)

166(70.3%)

2.021(1.2, 3.402) *

2.00(1.56, 6.44)

0.001

Primary

35(16.7%)

175(83.3%)

0.958(0.542, 1.695)

0.92(0.82, 3.76)

0.144

Secondary

32(15.8%)

171(84.2%)

0.897(0.502, 1.601)

0.87(0.83, 3.8)

0.138

> secondary

24(17.3%)

115(82.7%)

1

1

Marital status

Single

6(35.3%)

11(64.7%)

2.381(0.866, 6.549)

0.45(0.10, 1.96)

> 0.3

Married

137(18.6%)

598(81.4%)

1

1

Others

18(50%)

18(50%)

4.37(2.21, 8.61)

1.17(0.42, 3.21)

Monthly income in ETB

< 500

53(28.5%)

133(71.5%)

1.94(1.20, 3.13)

1.02(0.42, 2.47)

^>0.6

500–1000

59(18.8%)

255(81.2%)

1.13(0.712, 1.78)

0.91(0.43,1.94)

1001–2000

13(16.9%)

64(83.1%)

0.99(0.49, 1.98)

0.88(0.33,2.33)

> 2000

36(17.1%)

175(82.9%)

1

1

Prenatal substance use

Yes

39(33.1)

79(66.9)

2.22(1.44, 3.41)

1.20(0.65, 2.22)

^0.55

No

122(18.2%)

548(81.8%)

1

1

Chronic disease

Yes

28(51.9%)

26(48.9%)

4.87(2.76, 8.57)

3.99(1. 87, 8.52)

< 0.001

No

133(18.1%)

601(81.9%)

1

1

Hx of malaria infection

Yes

54(25.5%)

158(74.5%)

1.50(1.03, 2.18)

0.85(0.50, 1.45)

^0.59

No

107(18.6%)

469(81.4%)

1

1

Gravidity

Primigravida

63(19.8%)

255(80.2%)

1.04 (0.71,1.51)

0.48(0.11,2.14)

> 0.3

Multigravida

74(19.2%)

311(80.8%)

1

1

Grandgravida

24(28.2%)

61(71.8%)

1.65(0.97,2.83) *

1.12(0.31, 3.98)

Parity

Primipara

66(20.8%)

252(79.2%)

1.20(0.82, 1.75)

0.93(0.54, 1.60)

> 0.2

Multipara

69(17.9%)

316(82.1%)

1

1

Grandpara

26(30.6%)

59(69.4%)

2.02 (1.19,3.43)

1.87(0.60, 5.84)

ANC follow up

No

7(50%)

7(50%)

4.03(1.39,11.65)

1.96(0.49, 7.78)

0.4

Yes

154(19.9%)

620(80.1%)

1

1

Bad obstetric history

Yes

48(36.9%)

82(63.1%)

2.82(1.82, 4.25)

1.48(0.81, 2.72)

0.2

No

113(17.2%)

545(82.8%)

1

1

Iron folate supplement

No

37(27.2%)

99(72.8%)

1.59(1.04, 2.44)

0.67(0.34, 1.30)

0.23

Yes

124(19%)

528(81%)

1

1

Complication during Pregnancy

Yes

77(40.5%)

113(69.5%)

4.17(2.88, 6.04)

0.98(0.55, 1.74)

0.95

No

84(14%)

514(86%)

1

1

Male involvement

No

39(39%)

61(61%)

2.96(1.90, 4.64)

2.23 (1.23, 4.10)

0.009

Yes

122(17.7%)

566(82.3%)

1

1

Maternal Hgb

<= 10 mg/dl

14(53.8%)

12(46.2%)

4.88(2.21, 10.77)

0.70(0.20, 2.46)

0.58

>=11 mg/dl

147(19.3%)

615(80.7%)

1

1

Gestational age

Preterm

18(75%)

6(25%)

14.07(5.48,36.16)

9.83(8.74, 76.37)

< 0.001

Term

126(17.6%)

591(82.4%)

1

1

Post term

17(36.2%)

30(63.8%)

2.66(1.42, 4.97)

2.43(1.23, 6.14)

0.014

MSAF

Yes

76(42%)

105(58%)

4.45(3.06, 6.46)

0.68(0.36, 1.25)

0.21

No

85(14%)

522(86%)

1

1

Mode of delivery

Instrumental

61(56%)

48(44%)

12.39(7.76, 19.78)

8.60(4.63,15.90)

< 0.001

CS

44(57.1%)

33(42.9%)

13.00(7.66, 22.05)

4.17(1.94, 8.95)

< 0.001

SVD

56(9.3%)

546(90.7%)

1

1

Complications during labor and delivery

Yes

75(64.7%)

41(35.3%)

12.46(8.01, 19.41)

5.16 (2.89, 9.18)

< 0.001

No

86(12.8%)

586(87.2%)

1

1