Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of mothers by BMI category
Characteristics | Total (n = 17,048) | Maternal BMI, kg/m2 | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 30 (n = 15,878) | 30–39 (n = 653) | ≥ 40 (n = 517) | |||
Demography | |||||
Age | |||||
< 25 | 179 (1.0) | 161 (1.0) | 10 (1.6) | 8 (1.6) | 0.166 |
25–35 | 8300 (48.7) | 7703 (48.6) | 328 (50.2) | 269 (51.9) | |
> 35 | 8569 (50.2) | 8014 (50.4) | 315 (48.3) | 240 (46.5) | |
Race | |||||
White | 11,129 (69.4) | 10,384 (69.5) | 395 (65.8) | 350 (70.9) | < 0.001 |
Black | 1015 (6.3) | 897 (6.0) | 57 (9.4) | 61 (12.3) | |
Hispanic | 1064 (6.6) | 960 (6.4) | 69 (11.5) | 35 (7.0) | |
Others | 2835 (17.6) | 2708 (18.1) | 79 (13.2) | 48 (9.7) | |
Missing | 1005 | 929 | 53 | 23 | |
Household income | |||||
Quartile1 | 1237 (7.3) | 1125 (7.2) | 63 (9.7) | 49 (9.5) | < 0.001 |
Quartile2 | 2138 (12.7) | 1949 (12.4) | 112 (17.4) | 77 (15.1) | |
Quartile3 | 4111 (24.3) | 3775 (24.0) | 182 (28.1) | 154 (30.1) | |
Quartile4 | 9416 (55.7) | 8891 (56.5) | 291 (44.9) | 234 (45.3) | |
Missing | 146 | 138 | 5 | 3 | |
Primary Payer | |||||
Medicare/Medicaid | 767 (4.5) | 699 (4.4) | 36 (5.5) | 32 (6.2) | 0.153 |
Private including HMO | 15,661 (91.9) | 14,594 (91.9) | 595 (91.1) | 472 (91.3) | |
Self-pay/no-charge/other | 609 (3.6) | 574 (3.6) | 22 (3.4) | 13 (2.5) | |
Missing | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
Smoking | 642 (3.8) | 548 (3.5) | 57 (8.7) | 37 (7.1) | < 0.001 |
PCOS | 682 (4.0) | 539 (3.4) | 69 (10.5) | 74 (14.3) | < 0.001 |
Number of comorbidities | |||||
0 | 12,449 (73.0) | 11,725 (73.8) | 433 (66.3) | 291 (56.3) | < 0.001 |
1 ~ 2 | 4549 (26.7) | 4114 (25.9) | 216 (33.1) | 219 (42.3) | |
3+ | 50 (0.3) | 39 (0.2) | 4 (0.6) | 7 (1.4) | |
Comorbidities | |||||
Coronary artery disease | 3 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | - |
Congestive heart failure | 8 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0.117 |
Diabetes | 211 (1.2) | 158 (1.0) | 20 (3.0) | 33 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 440 (2.6) | 335 (2.1) | 45 (6.9) | 60 (11.6) | < 0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 12 (0.1) | 12 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 859 (5.0) | 751 (4.7) | 54 (8.3) | 54 (10.4) | < 0.001 |
Rheumatic disease | 94 (0.6) | 89 (0.6) | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) | 0.844 |
Chronic kidney disease | 16 (0.1) | 15 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | - |
Coagulopathy | 690 (4.1) | 657 (4.1) | 22 (3.3) | 11 (2.1) | 0.047 |
Thyroid disorder | 2881 (16.9) | 2645 (16.7) | 118 (18.2) | 118 (22.8) | < 0.001 |
Hospital information | |||||
Hospital bed size | |||||
Small | 2340 (13.4) | 2184 (13.4) | 84 (12.8) | 72 (13.9) | 0.656 |
Medium | 4877 (28.8) | 4556 (28.9) | 171 (26.3) | 150 (29.0) | |
Large | 9816 (57.8) | 9124 (57.6) | 398 (61.0) | 294 (57.1) | |
Missing | 15 | 14 | 0 | 1 | |
Hospital location/teaching status | |||||
Rural | 462 (2.7) | 435 (2.7) | 12 (1.8) | 15 (2.9) | 0.030 |
Urban nonteaching | 3882 (22.7) | 3654 (22.9) | 126 (19.2) | 102 (19.7) | |
Urban teaching | 12,689 (74.6) | 11,775 (74.4) | 515 (79.0) | 399 (77.4) | |
Missing | 15 | 14 | 0 | 1 | |
Hospital region | |||||
Northeast | 5844 (34.5) | 5465 (34.6) | 206 (31.6) | 173 (33.6) | 0.095 |
Midwest | 2566 (15.0) | 2353 (14.8) | 118 (18.0) | 95 (18.3) | |
South | 4171 (24.3) | 3898 (24.4) | 145 (22.1) | 128 (24.6) | |
West | 4467 (26.2) | 4162 (26.2) | 184 (28.2) | 121 (23.5) | |