Table 2 Relational, institutional and societal characteristics of male partners
Variable | Frequency, n (%) |
|---|---|
Relational characteristics | |
Had frequent discussions on ANC during most recent pregnancy (n = 423) | |
Yes | 231 (55) |
No | 192 (45) |
Lived with partner during most recent pregnancy (n = 423) | |
Yes | 289 (68) |
No | 134 (32) |
Lived with other family members during most recent pregnancy(n = 423) | |
Yes | 256 (61) |
No | 167 (39) |
Whether family members influenced partner’s involvement in ANC (n = 256) | |
Yes | 154 (60 ) |
No | 102 (40) |
Nature of influence of family members(n = 154) | |
Positive | 25 (16) |
Negative | 129 (84) |
Whether peer influence affects male involvement in ANC (423) | |
Yes | 234 (55) |
No | 189 (45) |
Nature of peer influence (234) | |
Positive | 51 (22) |
Negative | 183 (78) |
Institutional characteristics | |
Whether health facilities promote male involvement (n = 423) | |
Yes | 383 (91) |
No | 40 (9) |
Whether lack of male health workers affects male involvement (n = 423) | |
Yes | 7 (2) |
No | 416 (98) |
Whether lack of privacy affects male involvement in ANC (n = 423) | |
Yes | 31 (7) |
No | 392 (93) |
Whether long waiting hour affects male involvement in ANC (n = 423) | |
Yes | 315 (74) |
No | 108 (26) |
Whether fear of HIV test affects male involvement in ANC (n = 423) | |
Yes | 217 (51) |
No | 206 (49) |
Whether health worker’s attitude affects male involvement in ANC (n = 423) | |
Yes | 56 (13) |
No | 367 (87) |
Distance from partner’s home affects male involvement in ANC (n = 423) | |
Less than 3 km | 203 (48) |
More than 3 km | 220 (52) |
Societal factors | |
Whether cultural norms affect male involvement in ANC(n = 423) | |
Yes | 239 (57) |
No | 184 (43) |
Whether there are structures that promote male involvement in ANC (n = 423) | |
Yes | 317 (75) |
No | 106 (25) |
Whether there are government/health facility initiatives that affect initiatives male involvement in ANC (n = 423) | |
Yes | 231 (55) |
No | 192 (45) |