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Table 1 Acute Respiratory distress (ARD) in pregnant women (N and %) according to sociodemographic characteristics. Bahia, Brazil, Jan 2019—Jun 2021 a

From: Fetal death as an outcome of acute respiratory distress in pregnancy, during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study in Bahia, Brazil

 

ARD during pregnancy

 

Sociodemographic Characteristics

Yes ( N  = 765)

No ( N  = 200,214)

p b

n

%

n

%

 

Age group (years)

762

100.00

199,993

100.00

0.245

 ≤ 19

98

12.86

34,140

17.07

 

20 – 35

502

65.88

140,204

70.10

 

 ≥ 36

162

21.26

25,649

12.82

 

Education (in years)

700

100.00

191,853

100.00

0.869

0 to 3

25

3.57

6,463

3.37

 

4 to 7

126

18.00

38,151

19.89

 

8 to 11

415

59.28

118,881

61.96

 

12 or more

134

19.14

28,358

14.78

 

Race / Color

711

100.00

185,187

100.00

0.983

White

55

7.74

14,794

7.99

 

Black

112

15.75

26,359

14.23

 

Mixed

537

75.53

142,339

76.86

 

Oriental

6

0.84

819

0.44

 

Indigenous

1

0.14

876

0.47

 

Marital status

693

100.00

192,639

100.00

0.157

Single, divorced or widow

447

64.50

103,374

53.66

 

Married or stable union

246

35.50

89,265

46.34

 

HDI of the municipality of residence

765

100.00

200,175

100.00

0.002

High or Very High (≥ 0.700)

310

40.52

55,601

27.78

 

Medium (0.600—0.699)

313

40.92

60,717

30.33

 

Low or Very Low (≤ 0.599)

142

18.56

83,857

41.89

 
  1. Sources: Live birth information system (SINASC); Mortality information system (SIM); Epidemiological Surveillance System of Acute Respiratory Distress (SIVEP); Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
  2. HDI Human Development Index
  3. aThe exposed group (ARD during pregnancy = Yes) is composed of women who had ARD in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic period (Jan 2020 to Jun 2021). The non-exposed group (ARD during pregnancy = No) comprised women who had a pregnancy before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (Jan to Dec 2019) and did not have ARD during pregnancy. These groups differ not only because of ARD during pregnancy but also because of the environmental changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic
  4. bChi-square teste (significance level of 5%)
  5. The number in each category varies due to the presence of missing data