Table 2 Pregnancy and health characteristics, N=2595
Characteristic | No transnational care n = 2347 | Transnational care, arrived during pregnancy n = 148 | Transnational care, arrived pre-pregnancy n = 100 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Parity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Primiparous | 1021 (43.5) | 73 (49.3) | 50 (50.0) | 0.184 |
 Multiparous | 1326 (56.5) | 75 (50.7) | 50 (50.0) |  |
Gave birth in Canada before, n (%) | n = 2336 | n = 147 |  |  |
 Yes | 797 (34.1) | 0 (0.0)* | 29 (29.0) | 0.000 |
 No | 1539 (65.9) | 147 (100.0)* | 71 (71.0) |  |
Excess pregnancy weight gain according to the Society of Obstetrician and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) guidelines†, n (%) | n = 2263 | n = 137 | n = 98 | 0.001 |
 Yes | 1038 (45.9) | 40 (29.2)‡ | 43 (43.9) |  |
 No | 1225 (54.1) | 97 (70.8)‡ | 55 (56.1) |  |
Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), n (%) | n = 2287 | n = 140 | n = 98 |  |
 Underweight | 134 (5.9) | 11 (7.9) | 6 (6.1) | 0.010 |
 Normal | 1383 (60.5) | 96 (68.6) | 73 (74.5)‡ |  |
 Overweight | 580 (25.4) | 21 (15.0)‡ | 16 (16.3) |  |
 Obese | 190 (8.3) | 12 (8.6) | 3 (3.1) |  |
Ever smoked during pregnancy, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 47 (2.0) | 5 (3.4) | 3 (3.0) | 0.436 |
 No | 2300 (98.0) | 143 (96.6) | 97 (97.0) |  |
Drug or alcohol use during pregnancy, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 26 (1.1) | 4 (2.7) | 2 (2.0) | 0.182 |
 No | 2321 (98.9) | 144 (97.3) | 98 (98.0) |  |
Poor maternal general health recorded/reported (infectious disease, anemia, chronic illness§), n (%) |  |  |  |  |
 Yes (reported/recorded) | 796 (33.9) | 41 (27.7) | 37 (37.0) | 0.232 |
 No/info not available | 1551 (66.1) | 107 (72.3) | 63 (63.0) |  |
Anemia (chronic and/or during pregnancy), n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes (reported/recorded) | 465 (19.8) | 22 (14.9) | 26 (26.0) | 0.096 |
 Not reported/ recorded | 1882 (80.2) | 126 (85.1) | 74 (74.0) |  |
Took multivitamin during pregnancy, n (%) | n = 2326 |  | n = 99 |  |
 Yes | 2147 (92.3) | 139 (93.9) | 89 (89.9) | 0.509 |
 No | 179 (7.7) | 9 (6.1) | 10 (10.1) |  |
Had pregnancy complications¶, n (%) |  |  |  |  |
 Yes (reported/recorded) | 846 (36.0) | 42 (28.4) | 29 (29.0) | 0.067 |
 Not reported/recorded | 1501 (64.0) | 106 (71.6) | 71 (71.0) |  |
Gestational diabetes mellitus, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes (reported/recorded) | 292 (12.4) | 7 (4.7)‡ | 11 (11.0) | 0.019 |
 Not reported/recorded | 2055 (87.6) | 141 (95.3)‡ | 89 (89.0) |  |
Prenatal visits ≥ 4 visits, n (%) | n = 2300 | n = 146 | n = 96 |  |
 Yes | 2275 (98.9) | 133 (91.1)* | 95 (99.0) | 0.000 |
 No | 25 (1.1) | 13 (8.9)* | 1 (1.0) |  |
Prenatal care timely based on arrival in Canada#, n (%) | n = 2332 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 2073 (88.9) | 133 (89.9) | 83 (83.0) | 0.171 |
 No | 259 (11.1) | 15 (10.1) | 17 (17.0) |  |
Health insurance, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Medicare (public healthcare coverage) | 2250 (95.9) | 120 (81.1)* | 93 (93.0) | |
 Interim Federal Health Program** | 31 (1.3) | 8 (5.4)‡ | 0 (0.0) | |
 Private only | 54 (2.3) | 11 (7.4)‡ | 5 (5.0) | |
 None | 12 (0.5) | 9 (6.1)‡ | 2 (2.0) | |
Reported paying for medical services during pregnancy, n (%) | n = 2340 | n = 147 | n = 99 | 0.625 |
 Yes | 811 (34.7) | 51 (34.7) | 39 (39.4) | |
 No | 1529 (65.3) | 96 (65.3) | 60 (60.6) |