Longitudinal study of the relationship between number of prior miscarriages or stillbirths and changes in quality of life of pregnant women: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

Table 4 Results of linear mixed model analyses of PCS and MCS scores for primiparas

Effect	Level	Period	Crude		Adjusted^a
	NMS		PCS	MCS	PCS	MCS
	NMS		β(95%CI)	β(95%CI)	β(95%CI)	β(95%CI)
Period		Early	reference	reference	reference	reference
Period		Mid/late	1.07 (0.98, 1.16)	3.36 (3.28, 3.45)	1.85(1.47, 2.23)	2.90 (2.53, 3.27)
NMS	0	Early	44.91 (44.83, 44.99)	45.74 (45.66, 45.83)	reference	reference
	1	Early	− 0.71 (− 0.96, − 0.47)	0.05 (− 0.19, 0.28)	− 0.29 (− 0.52, − 0.06)	0.02 (− 0.21, 0.24)
	2	Early	− 1.11 (− 1.69, − 0.53)	− 0.30 (− 0.86, 0.26)	− 0.43 (− 0.98, 0.12)	− 0.39 (− 0.94, 0.17)
	≥ 3	Early	− 1.63 (− 2.79, − 0.47)	− 0.78 (− 1.87, 0.31)	− 0.72 (− 1.85, 0.41)	− 0.96 (− 2.00, 0.08)
NMS × Period	0 ×	Mid/late	reference	reference	reference	reference
	1 ×	Mid/late	0.53 (0.27, 0.79)	0.21 (− 0.04, 0.46)	0.29 (0.04, 0.54)	0.13 (− 0.12, 0.37)
	2 ×	Mid/late	0.68 (0.07, 1.30)	0.20 (− 0.39, 0.80)	0.34 (− 0.26, 0.93)	0.09 (− 0.50, 0.69)
	≥ 3 ×	Mid/late	0.94 (− 0.21, 2.08)	0.25 (− 1.05, 1.55)	0.52 (− 0.60, 1.65)	0.16 (− 1.12, 1.44)

Boldface indicates significance at p values less than 0.05
NMS Number of miscarriages or stillbirths, PCS Physical Component Summary, MCS Mental Component Summary
^aAdjusted for age during pregnancy; pre-pregnancy BMI; parity; physical activity; history of depression, anxiety disorder, dysautonomia, or schizophrenia; history of any physical disease; marital status; employed during early pregnancy; highest educational level; annual household income; alcohol intake; smoking status; morning sickness; questionnaires administered in early pregnancy; questionnaires administered in mid/late pregnancy

ISSN: 1471-2393