Table 1 Characteristics of pregnant women according to history of pregnancy loss (N = 82,013)
Number of miscarriages or stillbirths | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | ≥ 3 | |
(n = 66,044) | (n = 12,568) | (n = 2,678) | (n = 723) | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Age, y | ||||
Median [IQR] | 30 [27, 34] | 32 [29, 36] | 34 [30, 37] | 35 [32, 38] |
Missing, n | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Pre-pregnancy body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
Median [IQR] | 20.5 [19.1, 22.4] | 20.7 [19.2, 22.7] | 20.8 [19.3, 23.0] | 20.8 [19.3, 22.9] |
Missing, n | 29 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Physical activity, METs･h/day | ||||
Median [IQR] | 2.1 [0.5, 7.3] | 1.9 [0.5, 6.6] | 1.9 [0.5, 6.6] | 1.9 [0.5, 5.8] |
Missing, n | 996 | 192 | 32 | 14 |
Live birth experience | ||||
No | 31,403 (47.6) | 4,260 (33.9) | 703 (26.3) | 191 (26.4) |
Yes | 34,641 (52.5) | 8,308 (66.1) | 1,975 (73.8) | 532 (73.6) |
History of depression, anxiety disorder, dysautonomia, or schizophrenia | ||||
No | 56,656 (85.8) | 10,703 (85.2) | 2,274 (84.9) | 597 (82.6) |
Yes | 9,388 (14.2) | 1,865 (14.8) | 404 (15.1) | 126 (17.4) |
History of any physical disease | ||||
No | 11,572 (17.5) | 1,911 (15.2) | 402 (15.0) | 92 (12.7) |
Yes | 54,472 (82.5) | 10,657 (84.8) | 2,276 (85.0) | 631 (87.3) |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 62,607 (94.8) | 12,190 (97.0) | 2,598 (97.0) | 699 (96.7) |
Single | 2,689 (4.1) | 205 (1.6) | 22 (0.8) | 3 (0.4) |
Divorced or widowed | 473 (0.7) | 132 (1.1) | 45 (1.7) | 20 (2.8) |
Missing | 275 (0.4) | 41 (0.3) | 13 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) |
Employed during early pregnancy | ||||
No | 22,748 (34.4) | 4,825 (38.4) | 1,119 (41.8) | 298 (41.2) |
Yes | 41,242 (62.5) | 7,305 (58.1) | 1,461 (54.6) | 393 (54.4) |
Missing | 2,054 (3.1) | 438 (3.5) | 98 (3.7) | 32 (4.4) |
Highest education level, y | ||||
≤ 12 | 23,261 (35.2) | 4,450 (35.4) | 1,010 (37.7) | 277 (38.3) |
12 to < 16 | 27,807 (42.1) | 5,473 (43.6) | 1,140 (42.6) | 317 (43.9) |
≥ 16 | 14,722 (22.3) | 2,598 (20.7) | 519 (19.4) | 125 (17.3) |
Missing | 254 (0.4) | 47 (0.4) | 9 (0.3) | 4 (0.6) |
Annual household income, million JPY | ||||
< 4 | 24,867 (37.7) | 4,472 (35.6) | 923 (34.5) | 239 (33.1) |
4 to < 6 | 20,401 (30.9) | 4,004 (31.9) | 816 (30.5) | 231 (32.0) |
≥ 6 | 16,359 (24.8) | 3,340 (26.6) | 766 (28.6) | 210 (29.1) |
Missing | 4,417 (6.7) | 752 (6.0) | 173 (6.5) | 43 (6.0) |
Alcohol intake | ||||
Never | 22,736 (34.4) | 4,366 (34.7) | 927 (34.6) | 246 (34.0) |
Former | 36,689 (55.6) | 6,830 (54.3) | 1,403 (52.4) | 393 (54.4) |
Current | 6,378 (9.7) | 1,330 (10.6) | 336 (12.6) | 84 (11.6) |
Missing | 241 (0.4) | 42 (0.3) | 12 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Smoking history | ||||
Never | 39,066 (59.2) | 7,082 (56.4) | 1,453 (54.3) | 388 (53.7) |
Quit before realizing of current pregnancy | 14,842 (22.5) | 3,295 (26.2) | 698 (26.1) | 220 (30.4) |
Quit after realizing of current pregnancy | 8,854 (13.4) | 1,502 (12.0) | 349 (13.0) | 78 (10.8) |
Current smoker | 2,889 (4.4) | 610 (4.9) | 168 (6.3) | 31 (4.3) |
Missing | 393 (0.6) | 79 (0.6) | 10 (0.4) | 6 (0.8) |
Morning sickness | ||||
Never | 11,650 (17.6) | 1,823 (14.5) | 331 (12.4) | 86 (11.9) |
Nausea but no vomiting | 27,976 (42.4) | 5,646 (44.9) | 1,241 (46.3) | 324 (44.8) |
Vomiting but able to eat | 18,982 (28.7) | 3,691 (29.4) | 804 (30.0) | 229 (31.7) |
Vomiting and unable to eat | 7,211 (10.9) | 1,366 (10.9) | 292 (10.9) | 84 (11.6) |
Missing | 225 (0.3) | 42 (0.3) | 10 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) |
Questionnaires administered in early pregnancy | ||||
Median [IQR] | 15 [12, 18] | 14 [12, 17] | 15 [12, 17] | 15 [12, 18] |
Questionnaires administered in mid/late pregnancy | ||||
Median [IQR] | 27 [25, 29] | 27 [25, 29] | 27 [25, 29] | 27 [25, 29] |