Table 3 Univariate and multivariable meta-regression to find possible causes of heterogeneity between studies included in the meta-analysis
Type | Possible cause of heterogeneity | Univariate | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient (95%CI) | P-value | Coefficient (95%CI) | P-value | ||
Knowledge | Continent | -0.040(-0.162, 0.082) | 0.510 | -0.124(-0.283, 0.034) | 0.123 |
Country | 0.022(0.016, 0.061) | 0.041 | 0.010(-0.013, 0.0341) | 0.123 | |
Risk of bias | -.075(-0.243, 0.092) | 0.372 | -0.086(-0.317, 0.143) | 0.453 | |
Year | 0.003(-0.096,0.103) | 0.942 | -0.007(-0.112, 0.097) | 0.885 | |
Sample size | 0.0005(-0.0002, 0.0003) | 0.710 | -0.0001(-0.0004, 0.0002) | 0.497 | |
Attitude | Continent | -0.085(-0.397, 0.226) | 0.565 | -0.410(-1.04, 0.225) | 0.178 |
Country | 0.008(-0.046, 0.063) | 0.748 | 0.052(-0.056, 0.160) | 0.306 | |
Risk of bias | 0.079(-0.056, 0.215) | 0.229 | 0.082(-0.155, 0.319) | 0.453 | |
Year | 0.045(-0.270, 0.360) | 0.762 | -0.077(-0.493, 0.338) | 0.685 | |
Sample size | 0.0002(-0.0001, 0.0007) | 0.167 | 0.00008(-0.0005, 0.0007) | 0.776 | |
Practice | Continent | -0.100(-0.309, 0.107) | 0.325 | -0.129(-0.592, 0.333) | 0.563 |
Country | -0.011(-0.049, 0.026) | 0.541 | 0.007(-0.075,0.089) | 0.859 | |
Risk of bias | -0.072(-0.437, 0.292) | 0.683 | -0.06113(-0.535, 0.413) | 0.789 | |
Year | 0.114(-0.051, 0.281) | 0.167 | 0.05616(-0.173, 0.285) | 0.614 | |
Sample size | 0.0003(-0.00005, 0.0006) | 0.091 | 0.0002(-0.0002, 0.0006) | 0.296 | |