Table 2 The results of subgroup analysis based on country and continent for knowledge, attitude, and practice for COVID-19 in pregnant women
type | grouping | No. studies | Sample size | Overall frequency (95%CI) | Heterogeneity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 | P-value | I2 (%) | ||||||
Knowledge | Continent | Africa | 21 | 9353 | 61(49–72) | 4479.4 |  < 0.001 | 99.6% |
Asia | 30 | 7852 | 58.8(49.2–68.4) | 4036.7 |  < 0.001 | 99.3% | ||
North America | 1 | 114 | 36(27–45) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Country | China | 1 | 161 | 77.5(71–84) | NA | NA | NA | |
Egypt | 3 | 2520 | 49.3(12–86.6) | 429.6 |  < 0.001 | 99.5% | ||
Ethiopia | 9 | 4177 | 60.8(54.7–67) | 131.0 |  < 0.001 | 93.9% | ||
Ghana | 1 | 527 | 85.6(82.6–88.6) | NA | NA | NA | ||
India | 4 | 1445 | 79.5(61.2–97.7) | 351.1 |  < 0.001 | 99.1% | ||
Indonesia | 11 | 802 | 51.6(33.3–69.8) | 449.2 |  < 0.001 | 97.8% | ||
Iran | 3 | 1083 | 61.9(26.7–97) | 425.1 |  < 0.001 | 99.5% | ||
Iraq | 2 | 550 | 50.4(8–92.2) | 100.3 |  < 0.001 | 99.0% | ||
Lebanon | 1 | 163 | 81.5(75.5–87.5) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Nigeria | 9 | 5605 | 62.6(41.6–83.7) | 2879.2 |  < 0.001 | 99.7% | ||
Pakistan | 3 | 1376 | 52.8(16.1–89.6) | 493.4 |  < 0.001 | 99.6% | ||
Saudi Arabia | 1 | 1574 | 48.5(46–51) | NA | NA | NA | ||
South Africa | 1 | 346 | 43.5(38–48.7) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Thailand | 1 | 283 | 75.6(70.6–80.6) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Uganda | 1 | 648 | 32.8(29.2–36.4) | NA | NA | NA | ||
USA | 1 | 114 | 35.9(27.1–44.7) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Attitude | Continent | Africa | 6 | 2359 | 52(30–74) | 765.4 |  < 0.001 | 99.3% |
Asia | 9 | 4150 | 60(41–80) | 2498.9 |  < 0.001 | 99.7% | ||
Country | Thailand | 1 | 283 | 8.5(5.2–11.7) | NA | NA | NA | |
Indonesia | 2 | 173 | 49.3(33.7–64.9) | 4.38 | 0.036 | 77.2% | ||
Pakistan | 1 | 376 | 62.8(58.9–67.8) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Saudi Arabia | 1 | 1574 | 77.4(75.3–79.5) | NA | NA | NA | ||
India | 2 | 1011 | 83.4(64.9–98.01) | 68.6 |  < 0.001 | 98.5% | ||
Iran | 1 | 318 | 34.9(29.7–40.1) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Egypt | 1 | 415 | 95(92.9–97.1) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Ethiopia | 3 | 1337 | 62.3(34.7–89.9) | 276.4 |  < 0.001 | 99.3% | ||
Nigeria | 2 | 676 | 47.4(5.08–99.01) | 271.4 |  < 0.001 | 99.6% | ||
South Africa | 1 | 346 | 30(25.2–34.8) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Practice | Continent | Africa | 16 | 7010 | 50(39–60) | 1382.2 |  < 0.001 | 98.9% |
Asia | 8 | 4022 | 60(41–78) | 1928.9 |  < 0.001 | 99.6% | ||
Country | Thailand | 1 | 283 | 88.3(84.6–92.1) | NA | NA | NA | |
Iraq | 2 | 550 | 31.2(26.9–35.6) | 1.2 | 0.275 | 16.0% | ||
Pakistan | 1 | 376 | 30.9(26.2–35.6) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Iran | 1 | 318 | 66.7(61.5–71.9) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Egypt | 1 | 415 | 43.6(38.8–48.4) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Ethiopia | 8 | 3715 | 52.5(44.8–60.1) | 165.2 |  < 0.001 | 95.8% | ||
Nigeria | 5 | 1774 | 46.5(19.3–73.6) | 760.9 |  < 0.001 | 99.5% | ||
Ghana | 1 | 527 | 46.6(42.3–50.9) | NA | NA | NA | ||
South Africa | 1 | 346 | 76(71.5–80.5) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Uganda | 1 | 648 | 21.4(18.2–24.6) | NA | NA | NA | ||
India | 1 | 506 | 92.7(90.4–95) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Saudi Arabia | 1 | 1574 | 94.7(93.6–95.8) | NA | NA | NA | ||