Association between primary Spanish language and quality of intrapartum care among Latina women: a secondary analysis of the Listening to Mothers in California survey

Table 6 Multivariable model for mistreatment during labor, California, 2016

Primary language exposure	Experienced mistreatment by a provider or nurse (composite) n = 1194^a		Experienced physical mistreatment by a provider or nurse n = 1195^a		Experienced verbal mistreatment by a provider or nurse n = 1195^a
	Crude OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)^b	Crude OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)^b	Crude OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)^b
English	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Bilingual (English & Spanish)	1.24 (0.78–1.98)	1.25 (0.72–2.16)	1.07 (0.62–1.84)	1.23 (0.64–2.36)	1.14 (0.66–1.99)	1.08 (0.55–2.15)
Spanish	1.10 (0.67–1.79)	0.90 (0.43–1.89)	0.75 (0.41–1.37)	0.83 (0.35–1.95)	1.04 (0.58–1.86)	0.81 (0.32–2.07)

Abbreviations: aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
^a Sample sizes for adjusted models were marginally lower due to missing covariate data
^b Regression models were adjusted for country of origin, mode of delivery for most recent birth, provider present at birth, gestational age, birthweight, education, insurance, maternal age at birth, parity, and relationship status

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