Association between primary Spanish language and quality of intrapartum care among Latina women: a secondary analysis of the Listening to Mothers in California survey

Table 5 Multivariable model for perceived pressure for medical interventions, California, 2016

Primary language exposure	Perceived pressure for epidural n = 1189^a		Perceived pressure for labor induction n = 1189^a		Perceived pressure for cesarean delivery n = 1185^a
	Crude OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)^b	Crude OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)^b	Crude OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)^b
English	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Bilingual (English & Spanish)	1.25 (0.80–1.94)	1.31 (0.77–2.24)	0.72 (0.47–1.08)	0.91 (0.56–1.47)	1.04 (0.67–1.61)	1.03 (0.58–1.83)
Spanish	0.53 (0.31–0.93)*	0.63 (0.29–1.37)	0.29 (0.17–0.51)***	0.34 (0.15–0.79)*	0.44 (0.25–0.76)**	0.41 (0.18–0.97)*

Abbreviations: aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
^a Sample sizes for adjusted models were marginally lower due to missing covariate data
^b Regression models were adjusted for country of origin, mode of delivery for most recent birth, provider present at birth, gestational age, birthweight, education, insurance, maternal age at birth, parity, and relationship status
^*p ≤ 0.05
^**p ≤ 0.01
^***p ≤ 0.001

ISSN: 1471-2393