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Table 2 Covariates by primary language of study participants, California, 2016; n = 1202

From: Association between primary Spanish language and quality of intrapartum care among Latina women: a secondary analysis of the Listening to Mothers in California survey

Characteristics

Primary language

n = 1202

n (weighted %)

 

English

n = 406 (35.6%)

Bilingual

(English & Spanish equally)

n = 422 (35.3%)

Spanish

n = 374 (29.1%)

p valuea

Maternal age (years)b

 18–24

122 (36.1)

161 (46.8)

69 (17.1)

 < 0.001

 25–29

129 (39.9)

118 (34.8)

93 (25.2)

 

 30–34

105 (37.6)

88 (28.6)

110 (33.8)

 

  ≥ 35

41 (22.3)

51 (26.3)

99 (51.3)

 

Country of birth

 U.S

372 (56.7)

255 (38.8)

31 (4.5)

 < 0.001

 Other country

31 (5.8)

157 (29.8)

333 (64.5)

 

Maternal education

 High school or less

137 (25.5)

180 (31.5)

275 (43.1)

 < 0.001

 Some college

177 (44.3)

174 (42.1)

59 (13.5)

 

 College

55 (47.2)

47 (35.5)

24 (17.4)

 

 Some graduate school or higher

34 (56.8)

20 (29.0)

10 (14.2)

 

Relationship status

 Married

179 (34.7)

196 (35.5)

175 (29.8)

0.84

 Living with someone

143 (36.0)

144 (33.8)

138 (30.2)

 

 Single or divorced/separated

77 (37.2)

74 (36.6)

58 (26.2)

 

Insurance type

 Private

162 (49.1)

146 (39.9)

42 (10.9)

 < 0.001

 Medi-Cal or uninsured

235 (29.5)

271 (33.7)

323 (36.8)

 

Parity

 Primiparous

161 (41.1)

161 (39.7)

81 (19.2)

 < 0.001

 Multiparous

245 (33.0)

261 (33.2)

293 (33.8)

 

Mode of delivery for most recent birth

 Vaginal

290 (36.0)

300 (35.1)

268 (28.9)

0.94

 Cesarean

116 (34.9)

121 (35.4)

106 (29.7)

 

Type of provider present at birth

 Obstetrician

290 (39.6)

260 (34.0)

214 (26.4)

 < 0.01

 Midwife

45 (34.8)

48 (34.5)

44 (30.7)

 

 Family medicine or other physician

51 (25.2)

86 (39.4)

84 (35.4)

 

 Nurse practitioner or physician’s assistant or other

15 (23.2)

23 (37.2)

27 (40.0)

 

Gestational age at birthb,c

  < 37 weeks

32 (41.8)

24 (30.6)

26 (27.6)

0.42

  > 37 weeks

344 (34.5)

371 (35.7)

331 (29.8)

 

Birth weight

  ≤ 2500 g

23 (33.4)

24 (33.9)

27 (32.7)

0.67

 2500–3999 g

343 (36.5)

343 (35.0)

301 (28.5)

 

  ≥ 4000 g

28 (30.0)

42 (40.1)

32 (29.9)

 
  1. a P values refer to estimated F test from Rao-Scott corrections to χ2 test due to complex sampling design, except where noted
  2. b Covariates used as continuous variables in multivariable model
  3. c Gestational age could not be differentiated into preterm, normal term, or late term due to small sample sizes
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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