Table 3 Adjusted multivariable effects of maternal and prenatal estimates and vulvovaginal yeast infections during pregnancy among 3,965 women

Maternal parity

 Nulli- or primiparous

316/3,221 (9.8)

1

65/3,221 (2.0)

1

 Multiparous

99/744 (13.3)

1.44 (1.11–1.86)

30/744 (4.0)

1.99 (1.27–3.12)

Maternal BMI before pregnancy, kg/m²

 < 25

246/2,429 (10.1)

1

50/2,429 (2.1)

1

 25–30

107/927 (11.5)

1.10 (0.85–1.42)

23 /927 (2.5)

1.11 (0.66–1.85)

 > 30

62/609 (10.2)

0.92 (0.66–1.28)

22/609 (3.6)

1.72 (0.98–3.00)

Maternal weight gain during pregnancy, kg

 ≤ 10

99/878 (11.3)

1

17/878 (1.9)

1

 11–13

83/863 (9.6)

0.80 (0.58–1.12)

17/863 (2.0)

1.16 (0.58–2.31)

 14–16

83/829 (10.0)

0.84 (0.60–1.16)

20/829 (2.4)

1.45 (0.74–2.85)

 > 16

101/1,020 (9.9)

0.84 (0.61–1.15)

23/1,020 (2.3)

1.36 (0.71–2.61)

Missing value

49/375 (13.1)

1.19 (0.81–1.86)

18/375 (4.8)

2.90 (1.45–5.79)

Education, years

 ≤ 14

81/943 (8.6)

1

19/943 (2.0)

1

 15–17

195/1,798 (10.8)

1.35 (1.01–1.80)

48/1,798 (2.7)

1.42 (0.82–2.45)

 ≥ 18

139/1,224 (11.4)

1.50 (1.11–2.04)

28/1,224 (2.3)

1.28 (0.70–2.33)

Pregestational diabetes

 No

411/3,931 (10.5)

1

95/3,931 (2.4)

1

 Yes

4/34 (11.8)

0.92 (0.30–2.85)

0/34 (0)

–

Gestational diabetes

 No

344/3,179 (10.8)

1

74/3,179 (2.3)

1

 Yes

71/786 (9.0)

0.77 (0.58–1.03)

21/786 (2.7)

0.98 (0.58–1.66)

Use of oral antibiotics at any stage of pregnancy

 No

254/3,151 (8.1)

1

59/3,151 (1.9)

1

 Yes

161/814 (19.8)

2.69 (2.15–3.38)

36/814 (4.4)

2.11 (1.37–3.25)

Use of vaginal antibiotics at any stage of pregnancy

 No

303/3,680 (8.2)

1

74/3,680 (2.0)

1

 Yes

112/285 (39.3)

6.99 (5.31–9.19)

21/285 (7.4)

3.74 (2.24–6.23)