Table 2 Association between maternal environmental exposures and offspring congenital heart disease
Variables | Healthy Controls | CHDs Cases | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||
Periconceptional maternal exposure | |||||
Family relationships | 0.987 | ||||
Average or above-average | 1318 | 85.3 | 576 | 85.3 | |
Below the average | 227 | 14.7 | 99 | 14.7 | |
Housing renovation | 0.035* | ||||
No | 1522 | 98.5 | 656 | 97.2 | |
Yes | 23 | 1.5 | 19 | 2.8 | |
Living near main roads | 0.009* | ||||
No | 1521 | 98.4 | 653 | 96.7 | |
Yes | 24 | 1.6 | 22 | 3.3 | |
Incense burning | |||||
No | 1376 | 89.1 | 590 | 87.4 | 0.260 |
Yes | 169 | 10.9 | 85 | 12.6 | |