Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions for pregnant women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Effect-sizes and other important statistics for alcohol use and neonatal outcome measures: Brief interventions versus Controls

Outcome Measures	Effect size measures	Randomized + Quasi experimental			Only Randomized			Split control groups with multiple arms
Outcome Measures	Effect size measures	ES (95% CI)	I²; Tau²	P	ES (95% CI)	I²; Tau²	P	ES (95% CI)	I²; Tau²	P
Alcohol abstinence	OR	1.56* (1.15, 2.13)	46.75%; 0.13	0.04	1.86* (1.39, 2.49)	16.76%; 0.04	0.36	1.54* (1.12, 2.11)	40.92%; 0.12	0.08
Alcohol abstinence	RR				1.23* (1.12, 1.35)
Mean AUDIT scores	Hedge’s d	0.10 (−0.06, 0.26)	0.00%; 0.00	0.17	0.07 (− 0.09; 0.23)	0.00%; 0.00	0.87	NA	NA	NA
Mean AUDIT scores	UMD	0.13 (−0.07, 0.32)	0.00%; 0.00	0.09	0.09 (−0.11, 0.28)	0.00%; 0.00	0.93	NA	NA	NA
Mean drinks/week	Cohen’s d	−0.21 (−0.78, 0.36)	67.24%; 0.11	0.08	NA	NA	NA	−0.24 (− 0.86, 0.38)	64.41%; 0.13	0.09
Mean drinks/week	UMD	−0.10 (− 0.38, 0.19)	98.93%; 0.04	0.00	NA	NA	NA	−0.10 (− 0.38, 0.19)	98.33%; 0.04	0.00
Mean birth weight	Cohen’s d	0.16 (−0.36, 0.68)	81.40%; 0.17	0.00	0.131 (−0.74, 1.01)	87.43%; 0.35	0.00	NA	NA	NA
Mean birth weight	UMD	76.74 (− 185.28, 338.76)	82.87%; 42,968.79	0.00	30.394 (− 332.09, 392.89)	88.92%; 60,964.71	0.00	NA	NA	NA
Low birthweight	OR	1.02 (0.44,2.40)	59.03%; 0.33	0.09	NA	NA	NA	0.93 (0.39, 2.20)	47.67%; 0.28	0.15
Preterm birth	OR	0.67* (0.46, 0.98)	0.00%; 0.00	0.58	NA	NA	NA	0.66 (0.43, 1.02)	0.00%; 0.00	0.60

ES Effect size, NA Not applicable, OR Odds ratio, P-value for test of homogeneity of study-specific effect sizes (> 0.05), RR Relative risk, *: Statistically significant effect size, I² statistic (0 to 40%: might not be important, 30 to 60%: moderate heterogeneity, 50 to 90%: substantial heterogeneity, 75 to 100%: considerable heterogeneity), UMD Unstandardized Mean Difference

ISSN: 1471-2393