Table 1 Comparison of basic parameters, ovarian stimulation and embryo characteristics between EFPL and GnRH-Ant regimens before and after PS matching

Number of ovum pick up cycles

1537

1773

400

400

Age (year)

31.00 (28.00–33.00)

32.00 (29.00–35.00)

< 0.001

30.00 (28.00–33.00)

30.00 (28.00–33.00)

0.67

Primary infertility (%)

59.60 (916/1537)

53.13 (942/1773)

< 0.001

59.75 (239/400)

59.50 (238/400)

0.94

Duration of infertility (year)

3.00 (2.00–5.00)

3.00 (2.00–5.00)

0.33

3.00 (2.00-4.19)

3.00 (2.00–5.00)

0.08

Cause of infertility (%)

< 0.001

0.25

    Pelvic and tubal factor

30.32 (466/1537)

22.39 (397/1773)

29.00 (116/400)

26.75 (107/400)

 DOR

1.04 (16/1537)

9.31 (165/1773)

1.50 (6/400)

2.75 (11/400)

 PCOS or ovulation dysfunction

8.85 (136/1537)

8.52 (151/1773)

12.25 (49/400)

11.50 (46/400)

 Endometriosis or adenomyosis

5.53 (85/1537)

1.69 (30/1773)

4.75 (19/400)

2.00 (8/400)

 Male factor

12.23 (188/1537)

9.42 (167/1773)

12.00 (48/400)

10.75 (43/400)

 Complex male and female factors

18.35 (282/1537)

18.89 (335/1773)

19.75 (79/400)

20.50 (82/400)

 Complex female factors

15.29 (235/1537)

23.63 (419/1773)

15.25 (61/400)

19.50 (78/400)

 Others

8.39 (129/1537)

6.15 (109/1773)

5.50 (22/400)

6.25 (25/400)

BMI (kg/m²)

21.70 (19.90–24.00)

22.00 (20.20–24.50)

< 0.01

22.30 (20.20–24.4)

22.00 (20.05–24.20)

0.53

AMH (ng/ml)

3.96 (2.70–5.64)

2.46 (1.20–5.24)

< 0.001

3.94 (2.57–6.38)

3.75 (2.29–6.20)

0.17

Basal E₂ (pg/ml)

41.92 (32.14–56.26)

42.66 (34.14–55.69)

0.15

43.04 (33.25–55.40)

41.94 (34.34–52.56)

0.60

Basal LH (mIU/ml)

3.97 (2.84–5.54)

3.85 (2.71–5.31)

0.38

4.07 (2.99–5.54)

4.02 (2.88–5.50)

0.74

Basal FSH (mIU/ml)

7.16 (5.89–8.41)

7.74 (6.42–9.48)

< 0.001

7.34 (6.15–8.52)

7.45 (6.20–8.77)

0.19

Basal P (ng/ml)

0.55 (0.37–0.75)

0.55 (0.38–0.76)

0.53

0.53 (0.36–0.73)

0.55 (0.39–0.73)

0.40

E2 on trigger day (pg/ml)

2732.41 (1890.96-3774.40)

2750.94 (1641.90-4260.62)

0.99

2716.15 (1884.29-3685.65)

3188.85 (2172.30-4899.94)

< 0.001

LH on trigger day (mIU/ml)

0.56 (0.31–0.96)

1.73 (0.95–3.12)

< 0.001

0.49 (0.28–0.94)

1.52 (0.82–2.73)

< 0.001

P on trigger day (ng/ml)

0.90 (0.65–1.21)

0.93 (0.65–1.29)

0.05

0.88 (0.58–1.21)

1.02 (0.70–1.42)

< 0.001

Gn dose (IU)

2025.00 (1611.25-2536.25)

2025.00 (1650.00-2512.50)

0.05

2100.00 (1650.00-2625.00)

1950.00 (1579.38-2346.88)

< 0.01

Gn duration (day)

11.00 (10.00–13.00)

10.00 (9.00–11.00)

< 0.001

11.00 (10.00–13.00)

10.00 (9.00–11.00)

< 0.001

Endometrial thickness (mm)

12.20 (10.70–14.00)

11.00 (9.90-12.45)

< 0.001

12.00 (10.80–14.00)

11.00 (10.00-12.15)

< 0.001

Oocytes retrieved (n)

13.00 (9.00–18.00)

10.00 (5.00–17.00)

< 0.001

12.00 (9.00–18.00)

13.00 (8.00–20.00)

0.50

Type of fertilization (%)

< 0.001

0.31

 IVF

73.06 (1123/1537)

70.11 (1243/1773)

72.00 (288/400)

69.50 (278/400)

 ICSI

19.45 (299/1537)

26.06 (462/1773)

21.50 (86/400)

25.50 (102/400)

 Rescue ICSI

7.48 (115/1537)

3.84 (68/1773)

6.50 (26/400)

5.00 (20/400)

Number of 2PN fertilized embryos n

7.00 (4.00–10.00)

6.00 (3.00–10.00)

< 0.001

7.00 (4.00–10.00)

7.00 (4.00–12.00)

0.16

Number of transportable embryos n

4.00 (2.00–7.00)

3.00 (2.00–6.00)

< 0.001

4.00 (3.00–7.00)

4.00 (2.00–7.00)

0.86

Number of good quality embryos n

3.00 (2.00–6.00)

3.00 (1.00–6.00)

< 0.001

4.00 (2.00–7.00)

4.00 (2.00–7.00)

0.20

OHSS (%)

17.50 (269/1537)

14.33 (254/1773)

0.01

22.00 (88/400)

23.25 (93/400)

0.67

Cycle cancellation rate (%)

3.45 (53/1537)

7.16 (127/1773)

< 0.001

2.25 (9/400)

7.25 (29/400)

< 0.01

Fresh embryo transfer rate (%)

62.91 (967/1537)

40.04 (710/1773)

< 0.001

61.50 (246/400)

32.00 (128/400)

< 0.001

Reasons for canceling the fresh embryo transfer (%)

< 0.001

< 0.01

 Prevention of OHSS

54.56 (311/570)

39.51 (420/1063)

62.34 (96/154)

45.59 (124/272)

 Embryo factor

9.47 (54/570)

12.98 (138/1063)

7.79 (12/154)

12.13 (33/272)

 Endometrial factor

13.51 (77/570)

13.45 (143/1063)

9.09 (14/154)

11.03 (30/272)

 Elevated P value

10.18 (58/570)

18.72 (199/1063)

10.39 (16/154)

19.12 (52/272)

 Hydrosalpinx

1.93 (11/570)

1.03 (11/1063)

1.30 (2/154)

0

 Patient factors or others

10.35 (59/570)

14.30 (152/1063)

9.09 (14/154)

12.13 (33/272)