Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study patients

Patients (n)

1071

480

1030

Age (years)

31.64 ± 5.15

32.9 ± 4.76

0.5

32.39 ± 4.89

0.514

GA (weeks)

39 (38–40)

38 (37–39)

 < 0.001

37 (34–38)

 < 0.01

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

25.01 ± 4.32

25.58 ± 4.08

0.004

24.92 ± 4.14

0.001

Birth weight (g)

3068.97 ± 666.34

2912.66 ± 747.11

 < 0.001

2506.07 ± 933.74

 < 0.001

Body length (cm)

49 (47–51)

49 (47–51)

 < 0.001

47 (43–50)

 < 0.001

Lifestyle

 Drinking (n,%)

1 (0.09)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Smoking (n,%)

1 (0.09)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Radiation exposure (n,%)

1 (0.09)

0 (0)

3 (0.29)

Blood pressure

 SBP (mmHg)

109.98 ± 7.85

126.35 ± 24.42

 < 0.001

141.10 ± 24.93

 < 0.001

 DBP (mmHg)

70.87 ± 6.5

83.84 ± 13.23

 < 0.001

84.58 ± 16.96

 < 0.001

Biochemical indicators

 TBA (µmol/L)

1.8 (1.18–2.7)

2.1 (1.5–3.2)

 < 0.001

2.2 (1.5–3.4)

 < 0.001

 ALB (g/L)

36.19 ± 4.39

35.82 ± 4.38

 < 0.001

34.33 ± 5.55

 < 0.001

 TC (µmol/L)

4.95 ± 1.77

5.1 ± 1.75

 < 0.001

5.46 ± 1.63

0.002

 TG (µmol/L)

2.54 ± 1.45

2.7 ± 1.39

0.802

3.05 ± 1.6

 < 0.001

 AST (U/L)

14.4 (12.0–17.9)

14.6 (12.5–19.9)

0.89

16 (12.4–20.1)

 < 0.001

 ALT (U/L)

8.05 (6.2–11.4)

8.95 (6.9–13.38)

 < 0.001

9.8 (6.75–14.2)

 < 0.001

 T bilirubin (µmol/L)

4.2 (3.22–6.39)

4.15 (3.1–5.38)

0.258

3.8 (2.65–5.39)

 < 0.001

 24 h-proteinuria

0.32 (0.24–0.55)

0.27 (0.18–0.54)

0.766

0.55 (0.31–2.18)

 < 0.001