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Table 6 Subgroup analysis by moderate preterm

From: A case-control study on the effects of incomplete, one, and more than one dexamethasone course on acute respiratory problems in preterm neonates born between 280 and 366 weeks of gestation

Outcomes

Total (N = 317)

< 1 course (n = 103): (1)

1 course (n = 161): (2)

>  1 course (n = 53): (3)

P value

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for < 1 course

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for > 1 course

Neonatal

 APGAR score < 7 (1 min)

78 (24.6%)

26 (25.2%)

37 (23.0%)

15 (28.3%)

0.712

1.236 (0.672–2.274)

1.311 (0.619–2.773)

 APGAR score < 7 (5 min)

20 (6.3%)

8 (7.8%)

10 (6.2%)

2 (3.8%)

0.672

1.400 (0.500–3.924)

0.594 (0.105–3.352)

 Post-natal adaptation

9 (2.8%)

2 (1.9%)

5 (3.1%)

2 (3.8%)

0.817

0.781 (0.140–4.365)

1.719 (0.294–10.05)

 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

7 (2.2%)

1 (1.0%)

5 (3.1%)

1 (1.9%)

0.684

0.323 (0.035–2.971)

0.846 (0.088–8.133)

 Pneumonia

19 (6.0%)

6 (5.8%)

10 (6.2%)

3 (5.7%)

1.000

0.905 (0.312–2.628)

1.047 (0.268–4.089)

 Pneumothorax

9 (2.8%)

1 (1.0%)

7 (4.3%)

1 (1.9%)

0.278

0.209 (0.023–1.887)

0.363 (0.028–4.678)

Intraventricular haemorrhage

18 (5.7%)

7 (6.8%)

7 (4.3%)

4 (7.5%)

0.575

1.499 (0.496–4.534)

1.679 (0.436–6.466)

 Necrotising enterocolitis

14 (4.4%)

4 (3.9%)

8 (5.0%)

2 (3.8%)

0.934

0.702 (0.192–2.560)

1.055 (0.202–5.524)

 Neonatal death

10 (3.2%)

5 (4.9%)

4 (2.5%)

1 (1.9%)

0.572

1.905 (0.461–7.876)

0.417 (0.019–9.147)

 Sepsis

51 (16.1%)

15 (14.6%)

26 (16.1%)

10 (18.9%)

0.784

0.998 (0.490–2.034)

1.371 (0.594–3.165)

 Hypothermia

15 (4.7%)

5 (4.9%)

6 (3.7%)

4 (7.5%)

0.525

1.667 (0.465–5.981)

3.166 (0.767–13.07)

 Phototherapy

267 (84.2%)

82 (79.6%)

136 (84.5%)

49 (92.5%)

0.112

0.735 (0.376–1.436)

1.933 (0.623–5.995)

 Transient tachypnoea of the newborn

94 (29.7%)

28 (27.2%)

43 (26.7%)

23 (43.4%)

0.056

1.019 (0.575–1.805)

2.199 (1.114–4.341)

 Ventilator support

60 (18.9%)

24 (23.3%)

25 (15.5%)

11 (20.8%)

0.275

1.744 (0.909–3.346)

1.763 (0.769–4.041)

 Continuous positive airway pressure

118 (37.2%)

41 (39.8%)

55 (34.2%)

22 (41.5%)

0.507

1.314 (0.774–2.231)

1.424 (0.735–2.757)

 Positive pressure ventilation

58 (18.3%)

20 (19.4%)

26 (16.1%)

12 (22.6%)

0.515

1.317 (0.669–2.595)

1.772 (0.784–4.004)

 Intermediate care unit admission

163 (51.4%)

46 (44.7%)

91 (56.5%)

26 (49.1%)

0.162

0.661 (0.397–1.099)

0.739 (0.388–1.405)

 Neonatal intensive care unit admission

109 (34.4%)

34 (33.0%)

50 (31.1%)

25 (47.2%)

0.095

1.118 (0.649–1.925)

2.238 (1.155–4.336)

 Respiratory distress syndrome

23 (7.3%)

9 (8.7%)

10 (6.2%)

4 (7.5%)

0.735

1.477 (0.563–3.878)

1.168 (0.340–4.010)

 Persistent tachypnoea of the newborn

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Mean neonatal weight (grams)

1929.8 ± 377.0

1928.5 ± 391.6

1938.1 ± 333.6

1906.8 ± 468.7

0.871

–

–

Maternal

 Gestational age at delivery (weeks of gestation)

33.1 ± 0.6

33.0 ± 0.6

33.1 ± 0.6

33.0 ± 0.6

0.170

–

–

Underlying disease

 Diabetes mellitus (DM)

4 (1.3%)

1 (1.0%)

2 (1.2%)

1 (1.9%)

1.000

0.779 (0.070–8.707)

1.529 (0.136–17.21)

 Hypertension

23 (7.3%)

6 (5.8%)

8 (5.0%)

9 (17.0%)

0.012

1.183 (0.398–3.514)

3.912 (1.425–10.74)

 Others

24 (7.6%)

8 (7.8%)

11 (6.8%)

5 (9.4%)

0.812

1.148 (0.446–2.958)

1.420 (0.470–4.293)

 Puerperal infection

5 (1.6%)

1 (1.0%)

2 (1.2%)

2 (3.8%)

0.471

0.779 (0.070–8.707)

3.118 (0.428–22.70)

 Referral to other centres

9 (2.8%)

2 (1.9%)

5 (3.1%)

2 (3.8%)

0.817

0.618 (0.118–3.245)

1.224 (0.230–6.500)

  1. Chi-square test with multiple comparison by Bonferroni correction was used to compare the categorical outcome between groups
  2. Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s test correction for multiple comparison was used to compare the non-normally distributed continuous data between groups
  3. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison was used to compare the normally distributed continuous data between groups
  4. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to examine the association between steroid groups and adverse outcomes after adjusting for covariate (maternal age, BMI, morbidities)
  5. aStatistically significant between 2 and 3
  6. bStatistically significant between 1 and 3
  7. cStatistically significant between 1 and 2
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