Table 3 Binary logistic regression results on the predictors of skilled antenatal care services utilisation among women in sub-Saharan Africa

Age

 15 – 19

11,177 (5.9)

0.99(0.95, 1.04)

0.97(0.91, 1.03)

 20 – 24

40,238 (21.0)

1.01(0.98, 1.04)

0.99(0.95, 1.03)

 25 – 29

50,218 (26.3)

Ref

Ref

 30 – 34

40,755 (21.4)

0.97(0.94, 1.00)

1.04(0.99, 1.08)

 35 – 39

29,250 (15.3)

0.92***(0.89, 0.95)

1.06*(1.02, 1.11)

 40 – 44

14,417 (7.6)

0.75***(0.71, 0.78)

0.94(0.90, 1.00)

 45 – 49

4,847 (2.5)

0.63***(0.59, 0.67)

0.86**(0.79, 0.93)

Place of residence

 Urban

60,584 (31.8)

3.35***(3.26, 3.45)

1.60***(1.53, 1.68)

 Rural

130,319 (68.2)

Ref

Ref

Level of education

 No education

76,770 (40.2)

Ref

Ref

 Primary

62,581 (32.8)

2.39***(2.33, 2.45)

1.56***(1.49, 1.63)

 Secondary

44,575 (23.3)

5.15***(4.98, 5.33)

2.11***(1.99, 2.23)

 Higher

6,977 (3.7)

19.31***(16.70, 22.33)

4.06***(3.38, 4.87)

Wealth status

 Poorest

41,105 (21.5)

Ref

Ref

 Poorer

40,683 (21.3)

1.41***(1.37, 1.45)

1.43***(1.37, 1.49)

 Middle

38,524 (20.2)

1.77***(1.71, 1.82)

1.70***(1.62, 1.77)

 Richer

36,935 (19.4)

2.27***(2.20, 2.35)

2.13***(2.01, 2.25)

 Richest

33,656 (17.6)

4.01***(3.86, 4.17)

3.16***(2.91, 3.42)

Marital status

 Married

148,131 (77.6)

Ref

Ref

 Living with partner

36,121 (18.9)

1.32***(1.30, 1.37)

0.97(0.92, 1.02)

 Widowed

1,380 (0.7)

1.46***(1.29, 1.65)

0.84*(0.72, 0.99)

 Divorced

1,224 (0.6)

2.90***(2.49, 3.37)

0.89(0.75, 1.06)

 Separated

4,047 (2.2)

2.66***(2.42, 2.93)

1.05(0.94, 1.18)

Partner’s educational level

 No education

64,825 (34.0)

Ref

Ref

 Primary

55,481 (29.1)

1.90***(1.86, 1.95)

1.55***(1.48, 1.62)

 Secondary

56,448 (29.5)

4.20***(4.08, 4.32)

1.76***(1.67, 1.85)

 Higher

14,149 (7.4)

9.05***(8.43, 9.71)

2.11***(1.92, 2.32)

Frequency of listening to radio

 Not at all

82,320 (43.1)

Ref

Ref

 Less than once a week

38,388 (20.1)

1.46***(1.42, 1.50)

1.32***(1.26, 1.38)

 At least once a week

65,304 (34.2)

1.86***(1.81, 1.90)

1.29***(1.24, 1.35)

 Almost every day

4,891 (2.5)

2.76***(2.56, 2.97)

1.46***(1.30, 1.63)

Frequency of watching television

 Not at all

121,825 (63.8)

Ref

Ref

 Less than once a week

23,4,6 (12.3)

1.90***(1.84, 1.98)

1.21***(1.37, 1.49)

 At least once a week

37,229 (19.5)

3.69***(3.56, 3.82)

1.40***(1.32, 1.48)

 Almost every day

8,443 (4.4.)

8.48***(7.63, 9.43)

2.57***(2.24, 2.94)

Getting medical help for self: getting permission to go

 Big problem

36,541 (19.1)

0.66***(0.64, 0.68)

0.74***(0.71, 0.77)

 Not a big problem

154,362 (80.9)

Ref

Ref

Getting medical help for self: getting money needed for treatment

 Big problem

104,924 (55.0)

Ref

Ref

 Not a big problem

85,979 (45.0)

1.85***(1.81, 1.89)

0.96**(0.92, 0.99)

Getting medical help for self: distance to health facility

 Big problem

78,394 (41.1)

0.63***(0.61, 0.64)

0.75***(0.72, 0.77)

 Not a big problem

112,509 (58.9)

Ref

Ref

Survey country

 Nigeria

20,320 (10.7)

Ref

Ref

 Angola

5,674 (3.0)

1.85***(1.72, 1.98)

1.77***(1.62, 1.93)

 Benin

7,957 (4.2)

2.37***(2.22, 2.52)

3.62***(3.37, 3.89)

 Burundi

7,856 (4.1)

0.06***(0.05, 0.06)

0.05***(0.04, 0.05)

 Burkina Faso

10,074 (5.4)

0.24***(0.23, 0.26)

0.34***(0.32, 0.36)

 Cameroon

5,152 (2.7)

2.43***(2.24, 2.63)

2.67***(2.44, 2.91)

 Chad

3,398 (1.8)

0.57***(0.53, 0.61)

1.08(0.99, 1.17)

 Comoros

1,911 (1.0)

6.16***(5.18, 7.32)

7.93***(6.62, 9.50)

 Congo DR

10,092 (5.3)

3.09***(2.90, 3.29)

3.62***(3.37, 3.89)

 Congo

5,034 (2.6)

1.81***(1.69, 1.94)

1.72***(1.58, 1.89)

 Cote d’lvoire

4,343 (2.2)

4.18***(3.79, 4.61)

7.44***(6.70, 8.25)

 Ethiopia

7,070 (3.7)

0.62***(0.59, 0.66)

1.01(0.94, 1.08)

 Gabon

2,545 (1.3)

5.05***(4.43, 5.75)

3.03***(2.60, 3.52)

 Ghana

3,682 (1.9)

3.51***(3.18, 3.88)

3.62***(3.25, 4.04)

 Gambia

4,893 (2.5)

76.33***(54.14, 107.63)

115.42***(81.72, 163.03)

 Guinea

5,030 (2.6)

2.06***(1.91, 2.22)

4.05***(3.73, 4.40)

 Kenya

6,196 (3.3)

8.68***(7.78, 9.68)

9.86***(8.78, 11.07)

 Lesotho

2,251 (1.2)

10.59***(8.68, 12.92)

9.52***(7.75, 11.68)

 Liberia

3,832 (2.0)

7.91***(6.97, 8.98)

12.16***(10.65, 13.90)

 Malawi

11,050 (5.8)

10.06***(9.18, 11.03)

11.19***(10.15, 12.35)

 Mali

6,130 (3.2)

1.62***(1.52, 1.73)

2.48***(2.30, 2.67)

 Mozambique

6,988 (3.7)

6.13***(5.57, 6.74)

7.63***(6.89, 8.45)

 Namibia

1,830 (1.0)

11.00***(8.87, 13.66)

8.80***(7.04, 11.01)

 Niger

7,821 (4.1)

2.38****(2.22, 2.54)

4.30***(4.00, 4.63)

 Rwanda

5,381 (2.8)

65.38***(48.02, 89.03)

63.59***(46.56, 86.84)

 Sierra Leone

5,814 (3.1)

23.36***(19.55, 27.92)

49.04***(40.92, 58.78)

 South Africa

616 (0.3)

11.79***(7.76, 17.92)

5.51***(3.59, 8.46)

 Togo

4,525 (2.4)

0.37***(0.34, 0.39)

0.29***(0.26, 0.31)

 Tanzania

5,684 (3.0)

0.05***(0.05, 0.06)

0.03***(0.02, 0.03)

 Uganda

8,048 (4.2)

19.62***(17.05, 22.57)

20.02***(17.47, 23.40)

 Zambia

5,313 (2.9)

15.05***(12.90, 17.55)

14.22***(12.12, 16.67)

 Zimbabwe

4,166 (2.2)

8.39***(7.32, 9.61)

5.29***(4.59, 6.10)