Table 2 Themes, categories, subcategories, and codes of women’s hopes
From: Hopes expressed in birth plans by women diagnosed with fetal anomalies: a qualitative study in Japan
Theme/Category (n) | Subcategory | Code |
|---|---|---|
Theme 1: Hopes as women who are expecting childbirth | ||
Preferences during labor and giving birth | Preferences for spending time during labor and delivery | Playing music or video |
Trying to go into childbirth while relaxing | ||
Providing pain relief | ||
Adjusting to an environment | ||
Giving support for overcoming labor and birth | ||
Encouraging active movements during the first stage of labor | ||
Using aromatic oils | ||
Companionship | The husband’s presence | |
Fear of being alone | ||
Preference for husband not to be present | ||
Own mother’s presence | ||
Meeting and touching the baby just after giving birth | Early skin-to-skin contact | |
Touching the baby | ||
Mode of delivery and medical interventions | Vaginal delivery | |
Minimal medical intervention | ||
Being well-informed during labor and giving birth | Seeing the placenta | |
Knowing the progress or prospect of giving birth | ||
Knowing if any medical intervention is required | ||
Request for maternal care | Maternal physical needs in postpartum | Putting on a pelvic belt after childbirth |
Taking enough rest after giving birth | ||
Caring for postpartum urinary incontinence | ||
Controlling post-cesarean section pain | ||
Request for maternal treatment plans | Refraining from having aminioreduction | |
Giving priority to the mother when a decision is required regarding fetal or maternal treatment | ||
Aiming for early discharge after childbirth | ||
Words that participants do not want medical professionals to use | Words that participants do not want medical professionals to use | |
Theme 2: Hopes as mothers of a baby | ||
Parental roles after giving birth | Spending time and being around the baby | Spending time with and being around the baby |
Holding the baby | ||
Staying with the baby in the same room | ||
Enjoying the time alone with the baby | ||
Spending time with the baby and keeping my pace | ||
Doing daily care | Breastfeeding | |
Doing everything I can do for the baby | ||
Bathing the baby | ||
Changing the diapers | ||
Clipping the baby’s nails | ||
Memory-making | Taking the baby’s photo just after being born | |
Shooting a family photo with the baby just after being born | ||
Making hand/footprints | ||
Understanding the baby’s condition and treatments | Knowing the baby’s examination results and condition | |
Understanding how to cope with the baby’s symptoms after discharge | ||
Baby’s safety and comfort | Being born safely with strength | Born safely |
Born alive | ||
Born strong | ||
Overcoming illnesses and treatments | Hoping that the diseased part of my baby will heal well | |
Wishing to get through the treatment and then go home | ||
Requesting for the baby’s care or treatments | Making their baby as the first priority | |
Entrusting healthcare professionals regarding their baby’s treatments | ||
Making a final decision on the baby’s treatments after childbirth | ||
Refraining from taking life-prolonging treatments that are unreasonable for the baby | ||
Theme 3: Hopes of being involved in the family needs | ||
Respect family members to be involved in the baby’s matters | Ensuring family time | Family visits |
Spending time with family | ||
Supporting family members in welcoming the baby | Supporting the husband to participate in giving birth | |
Supporting the families to participate in welcoming the baby | ||
Disengagement after the baby is born | Resolving not to think about anything right now | Trying not to think about it too much |
Opting not to know everything before the baby is born | Refraining from knowing everything before the baby is born | |