Table 4 Mortality risk factors in outborn infants (birthweight ≥ 1,000 g, no life-threatening malformations) transferred by ambulance

Body temperature < 36.5 °C

79 (71.2)

52 (86.7)

Oxygen Saturation < 90%

20 (18.0)

37 (61.7)

Capillary refill time ≥ 3 s

2 (1.8)

15 (25.0)

Blood sugar < 40 mg/dl ^b

5/99 (5.1)

8/58 (13.8)

TOPS: ^b

 0

26/99 (26.3)

2/58 (3.4)

 1

53/99 (53.5)

19/58 (32.8)

 2

19/99 (19.2)

24/58 (41.4)

 3

1/99 (1.0)

11/58 (19.0)

 4

0/99 (0.0)

2/58 (3.4)

Maternal age, years: ^a

24 (20–30)

22 (20–28)

Homebirth

9 (8.1)

7 (11.7)

Males

64 (57.7)

34 (56.7)

Females

47 (42.3)

26 (43.3)

Gestational age:

 28–31 weeks

10 (9.0)

14 (23.3)

 32–36 weeks

21 (18.9)

12 (20.0)

 37–42 weeks

80 (72.1)

34 (56.7)

Birth weight, grams ^a

2750 (2000–3058)

2380 (1538–2900)

5-min Apgar score:

 0–3

3 (2.7)

6 (10.0)

 4–6

27 (24.3)

9 (15.0)

 7–10

69 (62.2)

37 (61.7)

 Unknown

12 (10.8)

8 (13.3)

Distance, km ^a

13 (7–23)

11 (6–25)

Age at admission:

 ≤ 24 h

69 (62.2)

42 (70.0)

 > 24 h

42 (37.8)

18 (30.0)

Diagnosis at admission:

 Asphyxia or respiratory distress

37 (33.3)

18 (30.0)

 Prematurity

21 (18.9)

21 (35.0)

 Sepsis

30 (27.1)

15 (25.0)

 Other

23 (20.7)

6 (10.0)

Before transport:

 Warming

55 (49.5)

31 (51.7)

 Suctioning airway

42 (37.8)

23 (38.3)

 Oxygen administration

29 (26.1)

14 (23.3)

 Face Mask Ventilation

27 (24.3)

15 (25.0)

 Chest compressions

19 (17.1)

9 (15.0)

 Antibiotic therapy

5 (4.5)

5 (8.3)

 Neonatal prophylaxis

30 (27.0)

10 (16.7)

 Breastfeeding

45 (40.5)

16 (26.7)

Pre-transfer phone call

39 (35.1)

10 (16.7)

Written referral letter

98 (88.2)

51 (85.0)

During transport:

 Kangaroo mother care

21 (18.9)

12 (20.0)

 Breastfeeding

21 (18.9)

4 (6.7)

 Oxygen administration

23 (20.7)

10 (16.7)

 Nurse or medical doctor during the transport

91 (82.0)

49 (81.7)