From: A retrospective review of genital fistula occurrence in nine African countries
Fistula Type | Vaginal birth | Cesarean birth | Gynecological surgery | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vesico-[utero]/-cervico-vaginal (Type I) | 244 | 6.8% | 914 | 26.1% | 4 | 1.8% | |
Vault (Type I) | - | - | 131 | 3.7% | 129 | 58.1% | |
Ureteric (Type III) | 30 | 0.8% | 279 | 8.0% | 70 | 31.5% | |
Involving closing mechanism: | |||||||
 Type II Aa (without (sub)total urethra involvement, without circumferential defect) | 1615 | 44.7% | 1484 | 42.3% | 5 | 2.3% | |
 Type II Ab (without (sub)total urethra involvement, with circumferential defect) | 464 | 12.8% | 268 | 7.6% | - | - | |
 Type Ba (with (sub)total urethra involvement, without circumferential defect) | 343 | 9.5% | 162 | 4.6% | 7 | 3.2% | |
 Type Bb (with (sub)total urethra involvement, with circumferential defect) | 220 | 6.1% | 65 | 1.9% | - | - | |
Recto-vaginal fistula | 576 | 15.9% | 130 | 3.7% | 5 | 2.3% | |
Irreparable fistula | 17 | 0.5% | 10 | 0.3% | 1 | 0.5% | |
Other (urethral incontinence, bladder stone, vaginal stenosis) | 105 | 2.9% | 65 | 1.9% | 1 | 0.5% | |
 | Total | 3614 |  | 3508 |  | 222 |  |