Table 1 Demographics of women with genital fistula
From: A retrospective review of genital fistula occurrence in nine African countries
| Â | Tanzania | Uganda | Kenya | Malawi | Zambia | Rwanda | Ethiopia | Somalia | South Sudan | Total | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | 2213 | Â | 1527 | Â | 1131 | Â | 662 | Â | 168 | Â | 418 | Â | 110 | Â | 316 | Â | 242 | Â | 6787 | Â |
Fistulas | 2439 | Â | 1655 | Â | 1233 | Â | 703 | Â | 182 | Â | 456 | Â | 134 | Â | 345 | Â | 281 | Â | 7428 | Â |
Incontinence | ||||||||||||||||||||
 Both urine and feces | 185 | 8.4% | 98 | 6.4% | 79 | 7.0% | 31 | 4.7% | 5 | 3.0% | 23 | 5.5% | 30 | 27.3% | 28 | 8.9% | 40 | 16.5% | 519 | 7.6% |
 Urine | 1996 | 90.2% | 1368 | 89.6% | 1006 | 88.9% | 609 | 92.0% | 153 | 91.1% | 382 | 91.4% | 74 | 67.3% | 258 | 81.6% | 177 | 73.1% | 6,023 | 88.7% |
 Feces | 32 | 1.4% | 61 | 4.0% | 46 | 4.1% | 22 | 2.0% | 10 | 6.0% | 13 | 3.1% | 6 | 5.5% | 30 | 9.5% | 25 | 10.3% | 245 | 3.6% |
Place of birth | ||||||||||||||||||||
 Home | 209 | 9.7% | 159 | 10.7% | 202 | 18.4% | 66 | 10.2% | 10 | 6.1% | 42 | 10.1% | 37 | 35.6% | 96 | 31.4% | 93 | 38.8% | 914 | 13.8% |
 Health facility | 1941 | 90.3% | 1329 | 89.3% | 893 | 81.6% | 579 | 89.8% | 153 | 93.9% | 374 | 89.9% | 67 | 64.4% | 210 | 68.6% | 147 | 61.3% | 5693 | 86.2% |
Baby condition | ||||||||||||||||||||
 Stillbirth | 1777 | 84.0% | 1106 | 75.7% | 829 | 77.8% | 485 | 77.1% | 120 | 74.5% | 347 | 84.4% | 94 | 92.2% | 257 | 84.3% | 201 | 84.1% | 5216 | 80.4% |
 Live birth | 260 | 12.3% | 258 | 17.7% | 174 | 16.3% | 122 | 19.4% | 31 | 19.3% | 57 | 13.9% | 7 | 6.9% | 38 | 12.5% | 32 | 13.4% | 979 | 15.1% |
 Early neonatal death | 79 | 3.7% | 97 | 6.6% | 63 | 5.9% | 22 | 3.5% | 10 | 6.2% | 7 | 1.7% | 1 | 1.0% | 10 | 3.3% | 6 | 2.5% | 295 | 4.5% |
Age at fistula development | ||||||||||||||||||||
 <19 | 778 | 35.2% | 597 | 39.1% | 461 | 40.8% | 200 | 30.2% | 62 | 36.9% | 83 | 19.9% | 42 | 38.2% | 137 | 43.4% | 100 | 41.3% | 2460 | 36.2% |
 20-29 | 916 | 41.4% | 599 | 39.2% | 423 | 37.4% | 256 | 38.7% | 67 | 39.9% | 207 | 49.5% | 44 | 40.0% | 118 | 37.3% | 109 | 45.0% | 2739 | 40.4% |
 >30 | 519 | 23.5% | 331 | 21.7% | 247 | 21.8% | 206 | 31.1% | 39 | 23.2% | 128 | 30.6% | 24 | 21.8% | 61 | 19.3% | 33 | 13.6% | 1588 | 23.4% |
Education | ||||||||||||||||||||
 None | 767 | 35.0% | 577 | 38.6% | 305 | 28.2% | 219 | 33.1% | 70 | 41.7% | 137 | 32.8% | 80 | 76.2% | 270 | 86.0% | 190 | 78.8% | 2615 | 39.2% |
 Primary incomplete | 1373 | 62.6% | 878 | 58.8% | 504 | 46.5% | 373 | 56.4% | 76 | 45.2% | 254 | 60.8% | 20 | 19.0% | 26 | 8.3% | 48 | 19.9% | 3552 | 53.2% |
 Primary complete | 54 | 2.5% | 39 | 2.6% | 274 | 25.3% | 69 | 10.4% | 22 | 13.1% | 27 | 6.5% | 5 | 4.8% | 18 | 5.7% | 3 | 1.2% | 511 | 7.7% |
Duration of leaking | ||||||||||||||||||||
 <6 months | 745 | 33.7% | 408 | 26.9% | 343 | 30.5% | 119 | 18.4% | 54 | 32.1% | 42 | 10.1% | 30 | 27.8% | 58 | 18.4% | 50 | 20.7% | 1849 | 27.4% |
 6-12 months | 387 | 17.5% | 242 | 28.9% | 188 | 16.7% | 92 | 14.3% | 12 | 7.1% | 22 | 5.3% | 18 | 16.7% | 76 | 24.1% | 38 | 15.7% | 1075 | 15.9% |
 1-5 years | 591 | 26.8% | 439 | 28.9% | 357 | 31.8% | 165 | 25.6% | 35 | 20.8% | 98 | 23.5% | 30 | 27.8% | 114 | 36.1% | 94 | 38.8% | 1923 | 28.5% |
 5-10 years | 263 | 11.9% | 220 | 14.5% | 134 | 11.9% | 121 | 18.8% | 21 | 12.5% | 129 | 30.9% | 15 | 13.9% | 44 | 13.9% | 34 | 14.0% | 981 | 14.5% |
 >10 years | 222 | 10.1% | 209 | 13.8% | 102 | 9.1% | 148 | 22.9% | 46 | 27.4% | 126 | 30.2% | 15 | 13.9% | 24 | 7.6% | 26 | 10.7% | 918 | 13.6% |
Relationship status at time of repair | ||||||||||||||||||||
 Living with husband | 1,151 | 52.2% | 765 | 50.3% | 546 | 48.9% | 408 | 61.6% | 115 | 68.5% | 218 | 52.2% | 55 | 50.9% | 157 | 49.7% | 132 | 54.5% | 3547 | 52.5% |
 Living with family | 386 | 17.5% | 304 | 20.0% | 114 | 10.2% | 159 | 24.0% | 34 | 20.2% | 125 | 29.9% | 40 | 37.0% | 52 | 16.5% | 70 | 28.9% | 1284 | 19.0% |
 Living alone | 409 | 18.5% | 319 | 21.0% | 212 | 19.0% | 55 | 8.3% | 9 | 5.4% | 57 | 13.6% | 10 | 9.3% | 97 | 30.7% | 29 | 12.0% | 1197 | 17.7% |
 Remarried | 50 | 2.3% | 29 | 1.9% | 14 | 1.3% | 38 | 5.7% | 9 | 5.4% | 13 | 3.1% | - | 0.0% | 4 | 1.3% | 5 | 2.1% | 162 | 2.4% |
 Never married | 183 | 8.3% | 61 | 4.0% | 216 | 19.3% | - | 0.0% | 1 | 0.6% | 3 | 0.7% | 3 | 2.8% | 1 | 0.3% | 4 | 1.7% | 472 | 7.0% |
 Widowed | 27 | 1.2% | 43 | 2.8% | 15 | 1.3% | 2 | 0.3% | - | 0.0% | 2 | 0.5% | - | 0.0% | 5 | 1.6% | 2 | 0.8% | 96 | 1.4% |
Previous abdominal surgery | 166 | 7.6% | 156 | 10.3% | 134 | 12.0% | 60 | 9.1% | 15 | 9.0%Â | 54 | 12.9% | 3 | 2.9% | 14 | 4.5% | 11 | 4.6% | 613 | 9.1%Â |
Height (median, IQR) | 151 | 147-155 | 154Â | 150-158 | 154 | 150-158 | 150 | 146-155 | 152 | 147-157 | 151Â | 147-155 | 152 | 148-159 | 155 | 150-160 | 160Â | 155-164 | 153 | 148-157 |