Gestational diabetes mellitus, prenatal maternal depression, and risk for postpartum depression: an Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Study

Table 4 Association between GDM, prenatal maternal depression, and likelihood of postpartum depression

			Fully Adjusted^a
Groups	No PPD	PPD	*z-statistic*	X² Value	*p-value*	Odds Ratio	95% CI of Odds Ratio
Neither GDM nor Prenatal Maternal Depression	4428	178	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
GDM only	398	18	0.98	0.96	0.32	1.28	0.75, 2.09
Prenatal Maternal Depression Only	598	91	10.06	101.2	< 0.0001	4.60	3.41, 6.18
GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression	92	19	6.77	46.1	< 0.0001	7.38	4.05, 12.94
Overall	5516	306

^a Fully adjusted models include the original depression instrument, maternal race, ethnicity, age at delivery, educational attainment, gestational hypertension, pre-pregnancy body mass index, delivery mode, and preterm birth status

ISSN: 1471-2393