Gestational diabetes mellitus, prenatal maternal depression, and risk for postpartum depression: an Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Study

Table 3 Association between GDM, prenatal maternal depression, and postpartum depression: pairwise contrasts

		Fully Adjusted^a
Pairwise Comparisons	Mean Difference in Postpartum PROMIS T Scores ± Standard Error of Difference	Mean Difference (95% CI)	*t-statistic*	*p-value*
GDM Only – Neither GDM nor Prenatal Maternal Depression	0.31 ± 0.42	-0.77, 1.40	0.73	0.47
Prenatal Maternal Depression Only – Neither GDM nor Prenatal Maternal Depression	6.06 ± 0.35	5.17, 6.94	17.29	< 0.0001
GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression – Neither GDM nor Prenatal Maternal Depression	7.03 ± 0.80	5.00, 9.05	8.76	< 0.0001
Prenatal Maternal Depression Only – GDM only	5.74 ± 0.51	4.45, 7.04	11.23	< 0.0001
GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression – GDM Only	6.71 ± 0.87	4.51, 8.92	7.70	< 0.0001
GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression – Prenatal Maternal Depression Only	0.97 ± 0.84	-1.14, 3.08	1.16	0.25

^a Fully adjusted models include the original depression instrument, maternal race, ethnicity, age at delivery, educational attainment, gestational hypertension, pre-pregnancy body mass index, delivery mode, and preterm birth status

ISSN: 1471-2393