Table 2 Maternal demographic information by GDM-Prenatal Depression Group
No GDM or Prenatal Maternal Depression (N = 4606) | GDM Only (N = 416) | Prenatal Maternal Depression Only (N = 689) | GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression (N = 111) | Overall Sample (N = 5822) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Race | |||||
American Indian or Alaskan Native | 40 (0.9%) | < 5 (< 1%) | < 5 (< 1%) | < 5 (< 1%) | < 50 (< 1%) |
Asian | 152 (3.3%) | 34 (8.2%) | 45 (6.5%) | 11 (9.9%) | 242 (4.2%) |
Black | 1187 (25.8%) | 59 (14.2%) | 141 (20.5%) | 12 (10.8%) | 1399 (24.0%) |
Mixed Race | 470 (10.2%) | 88 (21.2%) | 166 (24.1%) | 31 (27.9%) | 755 (13.0%) |
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | < 35 (1%) | < 15 (< 4%) | < 10 (2%) | < 10 (6%) | < 55 (1%) |
White | 2680 (58.2%) | 213 (51.2%) | 313 (45.4%) | 46 (41.4%) | 3252 (55.9%) |
Missing | < 55 (< 2%) | < 10 (< 2%) | < 14 (< 3%) | < 5 (4%) | < 80 (< 2%) |
Ethnicity | |||||
Hispanic or Latino | 768 (16.7%) | 152 (36.5%) | 247 (35.8%) | 58 (52.3%) | 1225 (21.0%) |
Non-Hispanic or Latino | 3832 (83.2%) | 264 (63.5%) | 441 (64.0%) | 51 (45.9%) | 4588 (78.8%) |
Missing | < 5 (< 1%) | < 5 (< 1%) | < 5 (< 1%) | < 5 (< 1%) | < 10 (< 1%) |
Highest Educational Attainment | |||||
Associates degree or trade school | 673 (14.6%) | 72 (17.3%) | 129 (18.7%) | 23 (20.7%) | 897 (15.4%) |
Bachelor's degree | 933 (20.3%) | 65 (15.6%) | 137 (19.9%) | 18 (16.2%) | 1153 (19.8%) |
High School degree, GED, or equivalent | 452 (9.8%) | 64 (15.4%) | 113 (16.4%) | 25 (22.5%) | 654 (11.2%) |
Less than high school | 243 (5.3%) | 48 (11.5%) | 85 (12.3%) | 15 (13.5%) | 391 (6.7%) |
Master's degree or higher | 978 (21.2%) | 88 (21.2%) | 168 (24.4%) | 23 (20.7%) | 1257 (21.6%) |
Missing | 1327 (28.8%) | 79 (19.0%) | 57 (8.3%) | 7 (6.3%) | 1470 (25.2%) |
Age at Delivery (years) | |||||
Mean (SD) | 29.9 (5.91) | 32.4 (6.06) | 30.7 (6.07) | 32.7 (6.78) | 30.2 (6.00) |
Missing | < 5 (< 1%) | < 5 (< 1%) | < 5 (< 1%) | < 5 (< 1%) | < 10 (< 1%) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI Category | |||||
Overweight or obese | 2135 (46.4%) | 255 (61.3%) | 284 (41.2%) | 63 (56.8%) | 2737 (47.0%) |
Underweight or normal weight | 2236 (48.5%) | 120 (28.8%) | 327 (47.5%) | 32 (28.8%) | 2715 (46.6%) |
Missing | 235 (5.1%) | 41 (9.9%) | 78 (11.3%) | 16 (14.4%) | 370 (6.4%) |
Delivery Mode | |||||
Cesarean | 1230 (26.7%) | 155 (37.3%) | 184 (26.7%) | 39 (35.1%) | 1608 (27.6%) |
Vaginal | 3216 (69.8%) | 249 (59.9%) | 487 (70.7%) | 71 (64.0%) | 4023 (69.1%) |
Missing | 160 (3.5%) | 12 (2.9%) | 18 (2.6%) | 1 (0.9%) | 191 (3.3%) |
Preterm Birth (< 37 weeks’ gestation) | |||||
Preterm | 295 (6.4%) | 34 (8.2%) | 64 (9.3%) | 15 (13.5%) | 408 (7.0%) |
Term | 4311 (93.6%) | 382 (91.8%) | 625 (90.7%) | 96 (86.5%) | 5414 (93.0%) |