Table 1 Maternal demographic information by GDM Status in ECHO participants
GDM (N = 527) | Non-GDM (N = 5295) | Overall (N = 5822) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Race | |||
American Indian or Alaskan Native | < 5 (< 1%) | < 45 (< 1%) | < 50 (< 1%) |
Asian | 45 (8.5%) | 197 (3.7%) | 242 (4.2%) |
Black | 71 (13.5%) | 1328 (25.1%) | 1399 (24.0%) |
Mixed Race | 119 (22.6%) | 636 (12.0%) | 755 (13.0%) |
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | < 35 (< 5%) | < 35 (< 1%) | < 55 (< 1%) |
White | 259 (49.1%) | 2993 (56.5%) | 3252 (55.9%) |
Missing | < 10 (< 2%) | < 70 (< 2%) | < 80 (< 2%) |
Ethnicity | |||
Hispanic or Latino | 210 (39.8%) | 1015 (19.2%) | 1225 (21.0%) |
Non-Hispanic or Latino | 315 (59.8%) | 4273 (80.7%) | 4588 (78.8%) |
Missing | < 5 (< 1%) | < 10 (< 1%) | < 10 (< 1%) |
Highest Educational Attainment | |||
Less than high school | 63 (12.0%) | 328 (6.2%) | 391 (6.7%) |
High School degree, GED, or equivalent | 89 (16.9%) | 565 (10.7%) | 654 (11.2%) |
Associates degree or trade school | 95 (18.0%) | 802 (15.1%) | 897 (15.4%) |
Bachelor's degree | 83 (15.7%) | 1070 (20.2%) | 1153 (19.8%) |
Master's degree or higher | 111 (21.1%) | 1146 (21.6%) | 1257 (21.6%) |
Missing | 86 (16.3%) | 1384 (26.1%) | 1470 (25.2%) |
Age at Delivery (years) | |||
Mean (SD) | 32.5 (6.21) | 30.0 (5.94) | 30.2 (6.00) |
Missing | < 5 (< 1%) | < 5 (< 1%) | < 10 (< 1%) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI Category | |||
Underweight or normal weight | 152 (28.8%) | 2563 (48.4%) | 2715 (46.6%) |
Overweight or obese | 318 (60.3%) | 2419 (45.7%) | 2737 (47.0%) |
Missing | 57 (10.8%) | 313 (5.9%) | 370 (6.4%) |
Delivery Mode | |||
Vaginal | 320 (60.7%) | 3703 (69.9%) | 4023 (69.1%) |
Cesarean | 194 (36.8%) | 1414 (26.7%) | 1608 (27.6%) |
Missing | 13 (2.5%) | 178 (3.4%) | 191 (3.3%) |
Preterm Birth (< 37 weeks’ gestation) | |||
Term | 478 (90.7%) | 4936 (93.2%) | 5414 (93.0%) |
Preterm | 49 (9.3%) | 359 (6.8%) | 408 (7.0%) |