Effectiveness of early essential newborn care on breastfeeding and maternal outcomes: a nonrandomized controlled study

Table 3 Breastfeeding before discharge in the two groups

	Intervention group (n = 91)	Control group (n = 91)	p^a
The time when formula milk is first served, (h^*), median (IQR)	4 (2, 6)	2 (1, 4)	< 0.001
Amount of formula milk given before discharge (ml^*), median (IQR)	70 (45, 127.5)	90 (65, 150)	< 0.001
Number of breastfeeding within 24 h after birth, n (%)	7 (6, 8)	5 (4, 6)	< 0.001
Feeding pattern before discharge, n (%)			< 0.001
Exclusive breastfeeding	67 (73.6)	40 (44.0)
Mixed feeding	24 (26.4)	47 (51.6)
Artificial feeding	0	4 (4.4)
BSES-SF before discharge^*, mean ± SD	55.78 ± 8.96	46.74 ± 10.08	< 0.001

^a the two-tailed t test, Mann–Whitney U test, or Fisher’s exact test were used for comparisons between the intervention group and the control group
^*BSES-SF Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale Short Form, h hour, ml millilitre, g gram

ISSN: 1471-2393