Table 7 Comparison of sperm morphological parameters between different etiology groups

SDI

1.27 ± 0.11^a

1.28 ± 0.11^a

1.22 ± 0.11^b

< 0.001

TZI

1.31 ± 0.11^ab

1.31 ± 0.10^a

1.30 ± 0.10^b

0.009

H (%)

97.02 ± 6.95^a

97.32 ± 5.16^a

93.60 ± 9.19^b

< 0.001

M (%)

17.23 ± 5.62^a

17.52 ± 5.05^a

16.17 ± 4.91^b

< 0.001

P (%)

5.64 ± 3.36^a

5.91 ± 3.36^a

5.28 ± 3.23^b

< 0.001

C (%)

7.19 ± 5.29

7.02 ± 5.01

6.70 ± 4.60

0.364

Normal forms (%)

2.48 ± 2.49^a

2.38 ± 2.58^a

5.49 ± 3.99^b

< 0.001

Abnormal forms (%)

97.52 ± 2.49^a

97.62 ± 2.58^a

94.51 ± 4.00^b

< 0.001