Table 3 Characteristics (independent variables) dichotomized according to Cesarean delivery and vaginal delivery (dependent variable) on bivariate or crude analysis and results following adjusted analysis incorporating all significant (p < 0.05) independent variables on crude analysis
Variable | LGA (n = 99) | Non LGA (n = 901) | P Value | RR (95% CI) | Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AOR (95%CI) | P value | |||||
HbA1c (%) | 5.4[5.1–5.6] | 5.3[5.1–5.6] | 0.17 | 1.43 (0.93–2.18) | 0.101 | |
Gestational age (weeks, mean ± SD) | 39.1 ± 1.1 | 39.0 ± 1.1 | 0.55 | |||
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 31.0 ± 4.5 | 30.6 ± 4.6 | 0.43 | |||
Parity category | 0.068 | |||||
0 | 29 (29.3%) | 367 (40.7%) | ||||
1 | 37 (37.4%) | 288 (32.0%) | ||||
2 | 16 (16.2%) | 150 (16.6%) | ||||
≥ 3 | 17 (17.2%) | 96 (10.7%) | ||||
Previous miscarriage | 23 (23.2%) | 189 (21.0%) | 0.60 | 1.11 (0.76–1.62) | ||
Ethnicity | 0.81 | |||||
Malay | 66 (66.7%) | 555 (61.6%) | ||||
Chinese | 11 (11.1%) | 116 (12.9%) | ||||
Indian | 10 (10.1%) | 106 (11.8%) | ||||
Others | 12 (12 .1%) | 124 (13.8%) | ||||
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 29.9 ± 4.8 | 28.8 ± 4.9 | 0.022 | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | 0.048 | |
Hemoglobin < 11 g/dL | 30 (30.3%) | 182 (20.2%) | 0.02 | 1.50 (1.08–2.08) | 1.74 (1.09–2.78) | 0.021 |
Medical and obstetric history | ||||||
Diabetes in pregnancy | 23 (23.2%) | 219 (24.3%) | 0.81 | 0.96 (0.66–1.39) | ||
Antiglycemic | 7 (7.1%) | 63 (7.0%) | 0.98 | 1.01 (0.48–2.15) | ||
Asthma | 5 (5.1%) | 48 (5.3%) | 0.91 | 0.95 (0.39–2.33) | ||
Hypertension in pregnancy | 6 (6.1%) | 43 (4.8%) | 0.57 | 1.27 (0.56–2.91) | ||
Group B streptococcus carriage | 12 (12.1%) | 47 (5.2%) | 0.006 | 2.32 (1.28–4.23) | 2.71 (1.37–5.38) | 0.004 |
Thalassemia trait | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (1.1%) | 0.29 | * | ||
HIV or Hepatitis B infection | 1 (1.0%) | 8 (0.9%) | 0.61 | 1.14 (0.14–9.00) | ||
Previous Cesarean | 17 (17.2%) | 148 (16.4%) | 0.85 | 1.05 (0.66–1.65) | ||
Induction of labor | 16 (16.2%) | 190 (21.1%) | 0.25 | 0.77 (0.48–1.17) | ||