Table 3 Predictors of maternal and foetal outcomes in the study group – analysis of multivariate logistic regression models

GWG above recommendations

75 g OGTT fasting [mg/dL]

1.03 (1.00; 1.05)

0.000 (0,000; 0,001)

0.023

0.190

75 g OGTT 2 hrs [mg/dL]

0.99 (0.98; 0.99)

0.000 (0.000; 0.000)

0.022

Pre-pregnancy BMI [kg/m²]

1.12 (1.06; 1.18)

0.003 (0.002; 0.004)

< 0.001

GDM yes/no

0.31 (0.16; 0.57)

−0.374 (− 0.571; − 0,178)

< 0.001

Female neonate yes/ no

0.56 (0.37; 0.85)

−0.121 (− 0.207; − 0.034)

0.006

GWG below recommendations

Pre-pregnancy BMI [kg/m²]

0.90 (0.85; 0.95)

−0.003 (− 0.004; − 0.001)

< 0.001

0.162

GDM yes/no

4.44 (2.85; 6.92)

0.337 (0.237; 0,437)

< 0.001

Female neonate yes/no

1.65 (1.10; 2.47)

0,103 (0.020; 0.185)

0.015

Preeclampsia and/or gestational hypertension

Pre-pregnancy BMI [kg/m²]

1.15 (1.06; 1.3)

0.006 (0.002; 0.10)

0.001

0.123

Multiparity yes/no

0.24 (0.08; 0.73)

−0.82 (−1.47; − 0.18)

0.012

Composite adverse maternal outcome

Maternal abdominal circumference [cm]

1.08 (1.04; 1.11)

0.001 (0.001; 0.002)

< 0.001

0.123

Multiparity yes/no

0.47 (0.30; 0.75)

−0.176 (− 0.284; − 0.067)

0.001

Emergency CS due to foetal conditions

Multiparity yes/no

0.30 (0.13; 0.70)

−0.510 (− 0.877; − 0.152)

0.005

0.133

Maternal height [cm]

0.91 (0.85; 0.98)

−0.030 (− 0.005; − 0.001)

0.007

Maternal abdominal circumference [cm]

1.08 (1.03; 1.12)

0,002 (0.001; 0.002)

< 0.001

BW > 4000 g

Maternal abdominal circumference [cm]

1.07 (1.03; 1.11)

0.001 (0.001; 0.002)

0.001

0.183

Maternal height [cm]

1.07 (1.00; 1.14)

0.002 (0.00; 0.004)

0.036

Multiparity yes/no

2.20 (1.03; 4.70)

0.305 (0.012; 0.599)

0.042

Female neonate yes/no

0.21 (0.09; 0.53)

−0.705 (−1.118; −0.293)

0.001

Neonatal hypoglycaemia – data available only for women with GDM

Maternal abdominal circumference [cm]

1.12 (1.06; 1.19)

0.004 (0.002; 0.006)

< 0.001

0.193

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia / phototherapy

Insulin therapy yes/no

2.84 (1.27; 6.35)

0.337 (0.063; 0.611)

0.011

0.128

Pre-pregnancy BMI [kg/m²]

1.07 (1.02; 1.1)

0.002 (0.000; 0.004)

0.002

Rare adverse neonatal outcome

Maternal age [years]

0.89 (0.82; 0.98)

−0.005 (−0.009; −0.001)

0.013

0.124

Maternal abdominal circumference [cm]

1.08 (1.03; 1.13)

0.002 (0.001; 0.003)

< 0.001

Maternal height [cm]

0.90 (0.84; 0.97)

−0.004 (−0.006; − 0.001)

0.004