Table 2 Maternal and foetal outcomes in the study group

Gestational weight gain [kg]

10.7 ± 5.8

14.5 ± 5.1

< 0,001

GWG above IOM recommendations [%]

24.2%

47.5%

< 0.001

GWG below IOM recommendations [%]

45.6%

20.3%

< 0.001

Pregnancy induced hypertension/ preeclampsia [%]

6.0%

4.5%

0.543

Mode of the delivery: CS/Forceps or VE/ Spontaneous

31.9%/3.5%/64.6%

33.7%/5.0%/60.4%

0.599

Emergency CS due to foetal conditions^a

26.4%

16.2%

0.06

Intrapartum maternal injury

6.1%

8.0%

0.468

Intrapartum haemorrhage

32.0%

27.2%

0.271

Composite adverse maternal outcome

37.9%

35.1%

0.568

BW [g]

3412 ± 438

3420 ± 428

0.677

BW > 4000 g

9.1

8.9

1.00

Ponderal index [g/cm³]

2.20 ± 0.26

2.18 ± 0.24

0.18

Neonatal hypoglycaemia

4.9%

–

–

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

21.1%

17.3%

0.413

Foetal congenital malformation

7.7%

5.9%

0.477

Intrapartum neonatal injury

3.2%

5.4%

0.250

Rare adverse neonatal outcome

8.1%

5.4%

0.285