Table 1 Potential risk factors for maternal and foetal outcomes in the study group

Age [years]

32.4 ± 4.7

31.1 ± 4.1

< 0.001

Maternal height [cm]

164.29 ± 5.7

167.96 ± 5.5

0.59

Pre-pregnancy BMI [kg/m²]

24.6 ± 4.6

22.7 ± 3.6

< 0.001

Pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m² [%]

37.7%

25.7%

0.006

Pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m² [%]

13.5%

3.0%

< 0.001

Multiparity [%]

61.8%

49.5%

0.024

History of GDM [% of these with the history of at least one delivery]

18.8%

0.0%

< 0.001

History of BW > 4000 g [% of these with the history of at least one delivery]

16.3%

10.6%

0.249

BW of the largest child from previous pregnancy/pregnancies [g]

3436 ± 629.53

3321.8 ± 617.9

0.86

Gestational age at diagnosis/at testing [weeks]

25.4 ± 1.5

25.2 ± 1.5

0.055

75 g OGTT fasting [mg/dL]

87.1 ± 11.7

77.5 ± 6.5

< 0.001

75 g OGTT 1 hr. [mg/dL]

166.5 ± 28.2

117.3 ± 25.5

< 0.001

75 g OGTT 2 hrs [mg/dL]

144.2 ± 23.3

100.0 ± 19.1

< 0.001

GDM according to 2011 or 2014 criteria [%]

61.6%

–

Gestational weight gain [kg]

10.7 ± 5.8

14.5 ± 5.1

< 0.001

Maternal abdominal circumference [cm]

103.3 ± 8.7

103.0 ± 6.9

0.969

Insulin therapy necessity [%]

15.4%

–

Female foetus [%]

48.4%

54.0%

0.223