Table 1 Sociodemographic, obstetric history, and childbirth care characteristics according to the frequency of symptoms of PPD
|  | Sample n (%) | Symptoms suggestive of PPD (EPDS ≥ 8) – n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Predictor variables | n = 287 | Yes n = 82 – 28.6% | No n = 205 – 71.4% |
Sociodemographic | |||
 Age (year) | |||
   ≤ 19 years | 23 (8.0) | 7 (30.4) | 16 (69.6) |
  20–34 years | 199 (69.3) | 58 (29.1) | 141 (70.9) |
   ≥ 35 years | 65 (22.6) | 17 (26.2) | 48 (73.8) |
 Color of skin | |||
  White | 216 (75.3) | 66 (30.6) | 150 (69.4) |
  Black or brown | 71 (24.7) | 16 (22.5) | 55 (77.5) |
 Socioeconomic level (n = 285) | |||
  A – B | 163 (57.2) | 38 (23.3) | 125 (76.7) |
  C – D – E | 122 (42.8) | 44 (36.1) | 78 (63.9) |
 Education | |||
  College | 124 (43.2) | 34 (27.4) | 90 (72.6) |
  Elementary and high school | 163 (56.8) | 48 (29.4) | 115 (70.6) |
 Lives with a partner | |||
  Yes | 248 (86.4) | 70 (28.2) | 178 (71.8) |
  No | 39 (13.6) | 12 (30.8) | 27 (69.2) |
Health status and Reproductive history | |||
 Mental health problem | |||
  Current or past | 38 (13.2) | 17 (44.7) | 21 (55.3) |
  No | 249 (86.8) | 65 (26.1) | 184 (73.9) |
 Previous births | |||
  One or two | 240 (83.6) | 72 (30.0) | 168 (70.0) |
  Three or more | 47 (16.4) | 10 (21.3) | 37 (78.7) |
 Last pregnancy was planned | |||
  Yes | 154 (53.7) | 41 (26.6) | 113 (73.4) |
  No | 133 (46.3) | 41 (30.8) | 92 (69.2) |
Childbirth care | |||
 Hospital status | |||
  Public | 188 (65.5) | 57 (30.3) | 131 (69.7) |
  Private | 99 (34.5) | 25 (25.3) | 74 (74.7) |
 Had a companion | |||
  Prepartum | 275 (95.8) | 79 (28.7) | 196 (71.3) |
  Delivery | 283 (98.6) | 80 (28.3) | 203 (71.7) |
  Postpartum | 275 (95.8) | 78 (28.4) | 197 (71.6) |
 Felt comfortable asking questions (n = 284) | |||
  Yes | 241 (84.9) | 69 (28.6) | 172 (71.4) |
  No | 43 (15.1) | 12 (27.9) | 31 (72.1) |
 Understood information received | |||
  Yes | 251 (87.5) | 67 (26.7) | 184 (73.3) |
  No | 36 (12.5) | 15 (41.7) | 21 (58.3) |
 Went into labor | |||
  Yes | 205 (71.4) | 64 (31.2) | 141 (68.8) |
  No | 82 (28.6) | 18 (22.0) | 64 (78.0) |
 Had skin-to-skin contact with the newborn (n = 281) | |||
  Yes | 191 (68.0) | 61 (31.9) | 130 (68.1) |
  No | 90 (32.0) | 18 (20.0) | 72 (80.0) |
 Felt welcomed in the birth environment (n = 281) | |||
  Yes | 220 (78.3) | 58 (26.4) | 162 (73.6) |
  No | 61 (21.7) | 23 (37.7) | 38 (62.3) |
 Felt safe in the birth environment (n = 282) | |||
  Yes | 209 (74.1) | 54 (25.8) | 155 (74.2) |
  No | 73 (25.9) | 26 (35.6) | 47 (64.4) |
 Had privacy during birth (n = 280) | |||
  Yes | 235 (83.9) | 70 (29.8) | 165 (70.2) |
  No | 45 (16.1) | 11 (24.4) | 34 (75.6) |