Psychosocial and behavioral health indicators among immigrant and non-immigrant recent mothers

Table 2 Prevalence and odds ratio estimates of perinatal health indicators between immigrant and non-immigrant childbearing women in Manitoba, Canada

	International Immigrants		Non-immigrants		International immigrants versus Non-immigrants
	N	n (%)	N	n (%)	OR (95% CI)^a	aOR (95% CI)^b
Psychosocial indicators
Depression, Mood & Anxiety Disorder (n = 181,189)^c	29,256	1522 (5.20)	151,933	28,022 (18.44)	0.24 (0.23, 0.26)	0.26 (0.25, 0.29)
Social isolation (n = 161,666)^c	29,428	3605 (12.25)	132,238	4013 (3.03)	4.46 (4.24, 4.69)	6.95 (6.57, 7.36)
Relationship distress (n = 182,438)^c	29,971	642 (2.14)	152,467	9155 (6.00)	0.34 (0.31, 0.37)	0.72 (0.66, 0.78)
Partner violence (n = 139,234)^c	24,686	126 (0.51)	114,548	2716 (2.37)	0.21 (0.18, 0.25)	0.51 (0.42, 0.62)
Behavioral indicators
Alcohol use during pregnancy (n = 164,723)^c	29,983	868 (2.89)	134,740	19,069 (14.15)	0.18 (0.17, 0.19)	0.23 (0.21, 0.25)
Smoking during pregnancy (n = 196,623)^c	32,547	584 (1.79)	164,076	32,123 (19.58)	0.08 (0.07, 0.08)	0.11 (0.10, 0.12)
Substance use during pregnancy (n = 163,898)^c	29,867	66 (0.22)	134,031	6377 (4.76)	0.04 (0.03, 0.06)	0.09 (0.07, 0.11)
Late initiation of prenatal care > 13 weeks (n = 194,202)^c	32,261	301 (0.93)	161,941	3544 (2.19)	0.42 (0.37, 0.48)	0.84 (0.74, 0.95)

Frequencies expressed as n (%)
^aOR Odds Ratios with 95% CI (Confidence Intervals) are derived from Generalized Estimating Equation models
^baOR Odds Ratios with 95% CI (Confidence Intervals) are derived from Generalized Estimating Equation models, adjusted for Maternal age, lone mother, low education, neighborhood income quintile, urban residence, family size, and employment & income assistance
Bold values = Significant association (p < 0.05)
^cTotal excludes missing values for outcomes where (n=)
Frequencies missing for outcomes: (Depression, mood & anxiety disorder n = 24,907; social isolation n = 44,430; Relationship distress n = 23,658; Partner violence n = 66,862; Alcohol use during pregnancy n = 41,373; Smoking during pregnancy n = 9473; Substance use during pregnancy n = 42,198; Late initiation of prenatal care > 13 weeks n = 11,894)

ISSN: 1471-2393