Table 4 A mixed effect multilevel binary logistic regression analysis of individual and community-level factors associated with uptake of PNC services among deviant women in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016 (n = 2417)
From: Uptake of postnatal care and its determinants in Ethiopia: a positive deviance approach
Variables | PNC use | COR (95%CI) | Model 1 AOR (95% CI) | Model 2 AOR (95% CI) | Model 3 AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Utilized n (%) | Non-utilized n (%) | |||||
Age (in years) | ||||||
 15–24 | 17 (3.36) | 489 (96.64) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 25–34 | 80 (6.17) | 1216 (93.83) | 1.91 (1.05–3.46) | 1.45 (0.71–2.95) |  | 1.41 (0.69–2.86) |
 35+ | 44 (7.15) | 571 (92.85) | 2.21 (1.16–4.21) | 1.46 (0.63–3.38) |  | 1.40 (0.60–3.23) |
Marital status | ||||||
 Married | 134 (5.77) | 2188 (94.23) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Not married | 7 (7.37) | (88 (92.63) | 1.32 (0.52–3.33) | 1.38 (0.52–3.64) |  | 1.36 (0.52–3.55) |
Occupation | ||||||
 No work | 67 (4.29) | 1496 (95.71) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Professional | 13 (6.81) | 178 (93.19) | 1.70 (0.82–3.50) | 1.17 (0.55–2.47) |  | 1.22 (0.58–2.56) |
 Agricultural | 48 (9.70) | 447 (90.30) | 2.63 (1.63–4.22) | 2.05 (1.25–3.35) |  | 2.15 (1.31–3.52) * |
 Others | 13 (7.74) | 155 (92.26) | 1.95 (0.94–4.05) | 1.54 (0.73–3.25) |  | 1.54 (0.73–3.26) |
Religion | ||||||
 Muslim | 56 (3.87) | 1390 (96.13) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Orthodox | 68 (11.17) | 541 (88.83) | 3.46 (2.08–5.75) | 2.46 (1.44–4.23) |  | 2.56 (1.42–4.57) * |
 Others | 17 (4.70) | 345 (95.30) | 1.34 (0.67–2.68) | 1.19 (0.59–2.42) |  | 1.32 (0.65–2.70) |
Household wealth index | ||||||
 Lowest | 66 (4.13) | 1531 (95.87) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Middle | 28 (8.09) | 318 (91.91) | 1.92 (1.12–3.28) | 1.69 (0.98–2.92) |  | 1.61 (0.93–2.80) |
 Highest | 47 (9.92) | 427 (90.08) | 2.80 (1.72–4.56) | 2.44 (1.48–4.05) |  | 2.22 (1.25–3.91) * |
Parity | ||||||
 Primi-para | 11 (4.49) | 234 (95.51) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Multi-para | 54 (5.52) | 925 (94.48) | 1.32 (0.62–2.81) | 1.07 (0.45–2.50) |  | 1.10 (0.47–2.57) |
 Grand multi-para | 76 (6.37) | 1117 (93.63) | 1.78 (0.84–3.75) | 1.34 (0.52–3.43) |  | 1.37 (0.53–3.53) |
Desire more child | ||||||
 Wants | 85 (5.38) | 1495 (94.62) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Wants no more | 56 (6.69) | 781 (93.31) | 1.24 (0.83–1.86) | 0.88 (0.56–1.36) |  | 0.89 (0.57–1.38) |
Residence | ||||||
 Urban | 16 (7.69) | 192 (92.31) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Rural | 125 (5.66) | 2084 (94.34) | 0.63 (0.30–1.32) |  | 0.89 (0.40–2.00) | 1.30 (0.54–3.10) |
Region | ||||||
 Developed | 87 (6.95) | 1164 (93.05) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Emerging | 41 (3.93) | 1002 (96.07) | 0.51 (0.30–0.87) |  | 0.52 (0.31–0.88) | 1.06 (0.59–1.90) |
 City administration | 13 (10.57) | 110 (89.43) | 1.66 (0.65–4.22) |  | 1.67 (0.63–4.37) | 3.17 (1.15–8.71) * |
Living closer to health facility | ||||||
 Yes | 76 (8.26) | 844 (91.74) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 No | 65 (4.34) | 1432 (95.66) | 0.55 (0.37–0.83) |  | 0.56 (0.36–0.84) | 0.63 (0.41–0.96) * |
Exposure to mass media | ||||||
 No | 123 (5.68) | 2043 (94.32) | Ref. |  |  |  |
 Yes | 18 (7.17) | 233 (92.83) | 1.27 (0.69–2.31) |  | 1.03 (0.55–1.94) | 0.86 (0.44–1.65) |