Table 2 Regression analysis of ANC visits among adolescent and young mothers in Ghana
Exposures | Crude Odd Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odd Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||
15-19 | 1(reference category) | 1(reference category) |
20-24 | 1.55 (1.00-2.38) * | 1.34 (0.81-2.20) |
Education | ||
Pre-primary | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Primary | 1.15 (0.54-2.46) | 1.76 (0.79-3.86) |
Junior high | 1.59 (0.83-3.04) | 2.19 (1.03-4.66) * |
Senior high | 3.07 (1.13-8.33) * | 2.40 (0.74-7.78) |
Marital status | ||
Currently married/in union | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Formerly married/in union | 1.47 (0.61-3.52) | 1.53 (0.54-4.29) |
Never married/ in union | 0.72 (0.46-1.13) | 0.74 (0.44-1.25) |
Wealth index | ||
Poorest | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Second | 1.86 (1.08-3.19) * | 2.23 (1.20-4.16) * |
Middle | 1.04 (0.57-1.92) | 1.01 (0.50-2.04) |
Fourth | 3.04 (1.39-6.66) * | 2.32 (0.88-6.17) |
Richest | 2.71 (0.60-12.14) | 1.69 (0.27-10.56) |
Areas of residence | ||
Urban | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Rural | 0.51 (0.29-0.88) * | 0.73 (0.38-1.42) |
Region | ||
Greater Accra | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Western | 0.79 (0.26-2.94) | 1.26 (0.28-5.75) |
Central | 0.80 (0.26-2.47) | 1.05 (0.28-4.03) |
Volta | 0.27 (0.09-0.83) * | 0.45 (0.11-1.77) |
Eastern | 0.39 (0.13-1.15) | 0.54 (0.15-1.88) |
Ashanti | 0.75 (0.25-2.26) | 1.10 (0.31-3.90) |
Brong-Ahafo | 0.53 (0.17-1.59) | 0.85 (0.22-3.22) |
Northern | 0.83 (0.26-2.66) | 2.00 (0.48-8.35) |
Upper West | 0.55 (0.19-0.60) | 1.25 (0.32-4.91) |
Upper East | 2.56 (0.54-12.27) | 6.30 (1.03-38.74) * |
Health insurance status | ||
Non-insured | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Insured | 1.32 (0.81-2.16) | 0.85 (0.51-1.39) |
Frequency of reading newspaper | ||
Not at all | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Less than once a week | 2.20 (0.73-6.64) | 0.72 (0.22-2.38) |
At least once a week | 1.70 (0.27-10.69) | 0.43 (0.06-2.87) |
Frequency of listening to the radio | ||
Not at all | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Less than once a week | 1.50 (0.74-3.04) | 1.34 (0.66-2.72) |
At least once a week | 1.43 (0.76-2.72) | 1.43 (0.72-2.85) |
Almost everyday | 1.50 (0.81-2.81) | 1.41 (0.76-2.59) |
Frequency of watching television | ||
Not at all | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Less than once a week | 0.98 (0.44-2.19) | 0.86 (0.39-1.90) |
At least once a week | 1.40 (0.70-2.79) | 1.67 (0.73-3.85) |
Almost everyday | 1.36 (0.77-2.39) | 0.93 (0.51-1.71) |
Ever used the internet | ||
No | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Yes | 6.72 (2.22-20.36) * | 4.38 (1.09-17.64) * |
Own a mobile phone | ||
No | 1(reference category | 1(reference category) |
Yes | 1.37 (0.91-2.08) | 0.90 (0.55-1.47) |