Table 1 Maternal and labor characteristics of women by length of second stage of labor
| Â | Second stage length (h) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Factors | <0.5 h (n = 534) | 0.5–2.0 h (n = 559) | ≥2.0 h (n = 81) | P-value |
Gravidity | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.324 |
Age (y) | ||||
 ≤25 | 43 (8.1%) | 24 (4.3%) | 2 (2.5%) | <0.001 |
 25–30 | 154 (28.8%) | 132 (23.6%) | 11 (13.6%) |  |
 30–35 | 221 (41.4%) | 251 (44.9%) | 38 (46.9%) |  |
 ≥35 | 116 (21.7%) | 152 (27.2%) | 30 (37.0%) |  |
Education | ||||
 High | 290 (54.3%) | 319 (57.1%) | 52 (64.2%) | 0.622 |
 Middle | 225 (42.1%) | 219 (39.2%) | 28 (34.6%) |  |
 Low | 8 (1.5%) | 9 (1.6%) | 1 (1.2%) |  |
 Missing | 11 (2.1%) | 12 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
 ≤25 | 146 (27.3%) | 155 (27.7%) | 25 (30.9%) | 0.063 |
 25–30 | 196 (36.7%) | 227 (40.6%) | 38 (46.9%) |  |
 ≥30 | 45 (8.4%) | 59 (10.6%) | 6 (7.4%) |  |
 Missing | 147 (27.5%) | 118 (21.1%) | 12 (14.8%) |  |
Gestational weeks at delivery (WK) | ||||
 37–38 | 52 (9.7%) | 45 (8.1%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0.018 |
 38–39 | 138 (25.8%) | 135 (24.2%) | 15 (18.5%) |  |
 39–40 | 179 (33.5%) | 220 (39.4%) | 31 (38.3%) |  |
 40–41 | 145 (27.2%) | 127 (22.7%) | 29 (35.8%) |  |
 ≥41 | 20 (3.7%) | 32 (5.7%) | 5 (6.2%) |  |
PROM | ||||
 No | 440 (82.4%) | 445 (79.6%) | 60 (74.1%) | 0.162 |
 Yes | 94 (17.6%) | 114 (20.4%) | 21 (25.9%) |  |
HDP | ||||
 No | 527 (98.7%) | 548 (98.0%) | 81 (100.0%) | 0.344 |
 Yes | 7 (1.3%) | 11 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
Gestational diabetes | ||||
 No | 468 (87.6%) | 467 (83.5%) | 63 (77.8%) | 0.028 |
 Yes | 66 (12.4%) | 92 (16.5%) | 18 (22.2%) |  |
Labor intervention | ||||
 Spontaneous of labor | 341 (63.9%) | 303 (54.2%) | 15 (18.5%) | <0.001 |
 Augmentation of labor | 139 (26.0%) | 212 (37.9%) | 53 (65.4%) |  |
 Induction of labor | 54 (10.1%) | 44 (7.9%) | 13 (16.0%) |  |
Indications of induction | ||||
 Delayed pregnancy | 32 (59.3%) | 24 (54.5%) | 8 (61.5%) | 0.856 |
 Gestational complications | 22 (40.7%) | 20 (45.5%) | 5 (38.5%) |  |
Epidural anesthesia | ||||
 No | 518 (97.0%) | 518 (92.7%) | 65 (80.2%) | <0.001 |
 Yes | 16 (3.0%) | 41 (7.3%) | 16 (19.8%) |  |
First stage length (h) | 5.8 (3.8–9.0) | 7.2 (5.0–11.2) | 9.3 (6.4–14.3) | <0.001 |
Birthweight (g) | ||||
 <3,500 | 456 (85.4%) | 418 (74.8%) | 46 (56.8%) | <0.001 |
 ≥3,500 | 78 (14.6%) | 141 (25.2%) | 35 (43.2%) |  |
Fetal sex | ||||
 Boys | 251 (47.0%) | 274 (49.0%) | 28 (34.6%) | 0.052 |
 Girls | 283 (53.0%) | 285 (51.0%) | 53 (65.4%) |  |