Table 3 Case reports of monochorionic dizygotic twins conceived after ovulation induction
From: Rare spontaneous monochorionic dizygotic twins: a case report and a systematic review
Author | Publication year | Maternal age | US chorionicity | US follow up | Invasive prenatal test | Outcome pregnancy | Gross examination of placenta | Postnatal test | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ginsberg [18] | 2005 | 35 | MC-DA (I trimester) | US 20 w: discordant sex | Chorionic villi sampling at 11 wk from two different placental areas: 46, XY for both fetuses Amniocentesis after US at 20wks: Twin A 46,XY; Twin B, 46 XX FISH on AF samples: 4% of the cells demonstrating chr Y in Twin B, diagnosis of Dizygosity. | Delivery 22wks, expired Normal anatomy both twins at the autopsy | MC placenta | – | MCDZ twins AF chimerism? |
Aoki [19] | 2006 | 27 | MC-DA (I trimester) | – | – | CD at 34 w -Twin A, male, birthweight 2002 g. Blood group AB -Twin B, male, birthweight 2132 g. Blood group B | MC placenta | Chimerism blood group: -Twin A: AB (88%)/B(12%) -Twin B: B (99%)/AB (1%) DNA polymorphism analysis: 5 loci/9 loci different in peripheral lymphocytes and hair root cells. No chimerism. | Confined blood chimerism in MC-DZ same gender twins |
Mayeur le bras [20] | 2016 | 32 | MC-DA (I trimester) | US 18 + 4 w: Twin A female, Twin B male. Hospitalization at 25w for preterm labor: CCS prophylaxis, tocolysis. | Not performed (refused by the patient) | pPROM at 36 + 1 w: CD because of umbilical prolapse Twin B. Twin A: female 2000 g; Twin B: male, birthweight 1970 g Normal genitalia in both twin | MC placenta A-V and A-A anastomoses | Blood chimerism No chimerism on buccal cells. Cord blood chromosome analysis at birth: -Twin A (girl) 46,XX(11)/46,XY(4) -Twin B (boy) 46,XY(7)/46,XX(8) Blood chromosome analysis at 5 months: -Twin A (girl) 46,XX(8)/46,XY(7) -Twin B (boy) 46,XY(11)/46,XX(5) | Confined blood chimerism in MC DZ twins |
Suzuki [21] | 2019 | 30 | MC-DA (I trimester) | Follow up: normal growth, no differences in amniotic fluid | – | SVD at 33 + 1w TAPS found on the neonates -Male twin: birthweight 1919 gr, polycythemia (Hb 23 g/dL) -Female twin: birthweight 1990 gr, anemia (Hb 8.6 g/dL) | MC placenta | Blood chimerism analyzed with FISH: - 46% of the male’s lymphocytes XX karyotype - 36.6% of the female’s lymphocytes XY karyotype Buccal mucosa: - male: 99 XY cells, 1 XX cell - female: 98 XX cells, 2 XY cells | MC twins with TAPS |