Association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study in Indonesian pregnant women

Table 6 Pregnancy outcomes in relation to GWG according to IOM recommendations based on the ASIA BMI classification

Variables²		IOM weight gain recommendation¹		P-value
Variables²		Inadequate	Excessive	P-value
Numbers in each category (%)		53.3	12.3
Birth weight, g	MD (95% CI)	-187.3 (-364.3–10.31)	208.4 (-60.34–477.1)	0.001
Birth length, g	MD (95% CI)	-0.65 (-1.7–0.4)	0.58 (-1.02–2.19)	0.103
Head circumference, cm	MD (95% CI)	-1.01 (-1.93- -0.09)	-0.25 (-1.65–1.14)	0.029
GA at delivery, weeks	MD (95% CI)	-0.17 (-0.88–0.54)	-0.15 (-1.23–0.92)	0.849
Number of ANC visits	MD (95% CI)	-0.74 (-1.85–0.36)	0.19 (-1.53–1.91)	0.183
Spontaneous vaginal delivery	OR (95% CI)	1.82 (0.91–3.65)	1.86 (0.71–4.92)	0.177
Caesarean section	OR (95% CI)	0.55 (0.27–1.10)	0.54 (0.20–1.42)	0.177
LBW < 2.50 kg	OR (95% CI)	9.6 (0.88–105.2)	1.98 (1.987–1.989)	0.002
Macrosomia > 4.0 kg	OR (95% CI)	10.13 (1.19–86.16)	27.11 (2.99–245.14)	0.001
SGA	OR (95% CI)	0.56 (0.14–2.20)	1.26 (0)	0.1563

¹Reference group: Adequate GWG status with 34.4% of participants
²Continous variables were analysed with linear regression; categorical variables were analysed with logistic regression
Adjusted for women’s education, geographical status, maternal age and parity
GA Gestational age, BMI Body mass index, n Number, GWG Gestational weight gain, MD Mean difference, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, Lbw Low birth weight, SGA Small for gestational age

ISSN: 1471-2393