Table 2 Maternal predictors of fetal anthropometric parameters in univariate analyses (total population)

Fetal weight centile (%) ^a

Age (years)

0.36 ^c

-0.21

0.93

0.209

Ethnicity (low/high risk)

0.04 ^c

-6.13

6.20

0.990

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m²)

0.71 ^c

0.15

1.27

0.013

Gestational weight gain (kg) until the 1^st GDM visit

0.58 ^c

0.09

1.07

0.020

Excessive weight gain until the 1^st GDM visit ^b

9.05 ^c

1.91

16.18

0.013

Fasting oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

1.80 ^c

-3.07

6.68

0.467

1-h oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

1.45 ^c

-0.23

3.13

0.091

2-h oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

0.72 ^c

-1.02

2.47

0.412

HbA1c at the 1^st GDM visit (%/mmol/mol)

5.55 ^c

-1.36

12.46

0.115

Medical treatment requirement

7.94 ^c

1.74

14.14

0.012

Fetal weight centile >90 (%) ^a

Age (years)

1.06

0.98

1.14

0.138

Ethnicity (low/high risk)

1.25

0.58

2.71

0.573

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m²)

1.08

1.01

1.15

0.028

Gestational weight gain (kg) until the 1^st GDM visit

1.07

1.00

1.14

0.044

Excessive weight gain until the 1^st GDM visit ^b

1.86

0.67

5.16

0.234

Fasting oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

1.32

0.78

2.23

0.295

1-h oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

1.24

1.01

1.52

0.038

2-h oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

1.06

0.86

1.30

0.593

HbA1c at the 1^st GDM visit (%/mmol/mol)

1.41

0.62

3.21

0.418

Medical treatment requirement

1.33

0.60

2.91

0.482

Fetal abdominal circumference centile (%) ^a

Age (years)

0.59 ^c

-0.22

1.39

0.151

Ethnicity (low/high risk)

-2.92 ^c

-11.67

5.82

0.510

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m²)

0.91 ^c

0.12

1.70

0.025

Gestational weight gain (kg) until the 1^st GDM visit

0.87 ^c

0.17

1.56

0.015

Excessive weight gain until the 1^st GDM visit ^b

10.27 ^c

0.13

20.41

0.047

Fasting oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

1.86 ^c

-5.03

8.75

0.595

1-h oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

2.46 ^c

0.07

4.85

0.044

2-h oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

0.53 ^c

-1.95

3.01

0.672

HbA1c at the 1^st GDM visit (%/mmol/mol)

8.41 ^c

-1.42

18.23

0.093

Medical treatment requirement

9.94 ^c

1.03

18.85

0.029

Fetal abdominal circumference centile >90 (%) ^a

Age (years)

1.03

0.97

1.10

0.292

Ethnicity (low/high risk)

0.93

0.49

1.78

0.827

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m²)

1.05

0.99

1.12

0.074

Gestational weight gain (kg) until the 1^st GDM visit

1.08

1.02

1.15

0.006

Excessive weight gain until the 1^st GDM visit ^b

2.09

0.90

4.85

0.086

Fasting oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

1.28

0.80

2.04

0.307

1-h oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

1.21

1.01

1.45

0.036

2-h oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

1.00

0.84

1.20

0.963

HbA1c at the 1^st GDM visit (%/mmol/mol)

1.60

0.79

3.27

0.193

Medical treatment requirement

1.96

0.99

3.90

0.054

Fetal abdominal circumference centile <10 (%) ^a

Age (years)

0.97

0.87

1.08

0.600

Ethnicity (low/high risk)

1.35

0.42

4.37

0.617

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m²)

0.93

0.82

1.05

0.232

Gestational weight gain (kg) until the 1^st GDM visit

1.01

0.91

1.11

0.901

Excessive weight gain until the 1^st GDM visit ^b

1.58

0.33

7.53

0.566

Fasting oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

0.71

0.24

2.08

0.527

1-h oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

0.77

0.54

1.11

0.166

2-h oGTT glucose (mmol/L)

0.82

0.56

1.20

0.310

HbA1c at the 1^st GDM visit (%/mmol/mol)

0.30

0.07

1.39

0.124

Medical treatment requirement

0.85

0.22

3.31

0.819