Table 3 Individual and community-level factors associated with continuum of care for maternal health in Sub-Saharan Africa

Maternal age

  15–24

-

1

-

1

  25–34

-

1.27(1.22,1.29)

-

1.22 (1.17,1.25)

  35–49

-

1.56(1,49,1.61)

-

1.40(1.35,1.47)

Women’s education

-

  Not educated

-

1

-

1

  Primary

-

1.49(1.43,1.54)

-

1.44 (1.41,1.49)

  Secondary

-

2.12(2.04,2.17)

-

1.95 (1.89,2.03)

  Higher

-

2.38(2.24,2.53)

-

2.15 (2.01,2.25)

Wealth status

  Poorest

-

-

1

  Poorer

-

1.02(0.98,1.03)

-

0.98 (0.96,1.02)

  Middle

-

1.04(0.98,1.08)

-

1.01 (0.98,1.05)

  Richer

-

1.09(1.07,1.13)

-

1.02 (0.97,1.06)

  Richest

-

1.12(1.09,1.16)

-

1.04 (0.99,1.08)

Marital status

  Currently in union

-

1

-

1

  Not currently in union

-

1.01(0.98,1.04)

-

0.98 (0.96,1.04)

Working status

  Not working

-

1

-

1

  Working

-

0.98(0.96,1.03)

-

1.01 (0.98,1.04)

Parity

  Primiparous

-

1

-

1

  Multiparous

-

0.89(0.87,0.92)

-

0.97 (0.95,1.03)

  Grand multiparous

-

0.75(0.73,0.78)

-

0.99 (0.95,1.04)

Pregnancy intention

  Intended

-

1

-

1

  Unintended

-

1.11(1.08,1.14)

-

0.87 (0.84,0.91)

Media exposure

  No

-

-

1

  Yes

-

1.39(1.37,1.44)

-

1.35 (1.28,1.39)

Timing of ANC

  Timely

-

1

-

1

  Delayed

-

0.51(0.48,0.54)

-

0.43 (0.41,0.47)

Sex of household head

  Male

-

1

-

1

  Female

1.13(1.11,1.16)

-

1.18 (1.15,1.21)

Residence

  Urban

-

-

1

1

  Rural

-

-

0.50(0.48,0.50)

0.78 (0.75,0.81)

Distance from health facility

  Not big problem

-

-

1

1

  Big problem

-

-

0.72(0.71,0.74)

0.88 (0.85,0.91)

Community education

  Low

-

-

1

1

  High

-

-

0.99(0.92,1.06)

1.12 (1.09,1.16)

Community wealth

  Low

-

-

1

1

  High

-

-

0.95 (0.89,1.02)

1.02 (0.97,1.07)

Community media exposure

  Low

-

-

1

1

  High

-

-

0.79(0.74,0.85)

0.97 (0.94,1.05)

Region

  Western Africa

1

1

  Southern Africa

3.01(2.87,3.16)

2.03 (1.99,2.11)

  Central Africa

0.89 (0.87,0.92)

0.94 (0.91,1.02)

  Eastern Africa

1.04 (0.98,1.07)

1.01 (0.98,1.05)

Random parameters and model comparison

  Community level variance

0.24

0.11

0.22

0.08

  ICC (%)

6.80

3.23

6.27

2.27

  MOR

1.59

1.37

1.56

1.31

  PCV (%)

Ref

54.2

8.3

66.7

  DIC (-2LLR)

227,149.7

189,798.8

211,527.0

182,942.3