Table 1 Background Characteristics of study participants in sSA

Maternal age

  15–24

13,968 (20.7)

53,531 (79.3)

67,499 (30.0)

  25–34

22,510 (21.8)

80,932 (78.2)

103,442 (45.9)

  35–49

10,693 (19.7)

43,501 (81.3)

54,194 (24.1)

Women’s education

  Not educated

10,562 (11.8)

78,860 (88.2)

89,422 (39.7)

  Primary

13,934 (19.7)

56,883 (80.3)

70,817 (31.5)

  Secondary

19,029 (33.5)

37,752 (66.5)

56,781 (25.2)

  Higher

3,646 (44.9)

4,469 (55.1)

8,115 (3.6)

Wealth status

  Poorest

6,168 (12.8)

41,897 (87.2)

48,065 (21.3)

  Poorer

7,621 (16.0)

40,086 (84.0)

47,707 (21.2)

  Middle

8,867 (19.5)

36,538 (80.5)

45,405 (20.2)

  Richer

10,887 (24.7)

33,214 (75.3)

44,101 (19.6)

  Richest

13,628 (34.2)

26,229 (65.8)

39,857 (17.7)

Marital status

  Currently in union

40,452 (20.1)

160,434, (79.9)

200,886 (89.2)

  Not currently in union

6,719 (27.7)

17,530 (72.3)

24,249 (10.8)

Working status

  Not working

17,121 (20.7)

65,497 (79.3)

82,618 (32.7)

  Working

30,018 (21.1)

112,278 (79.9)

142,296 (63.3)

Parity

  Primiparous

12,988 (27.8)

33,674 (72.2)

46,662 (20.7)

  Multiparous

27,873 (21.6)

101,173 (78.4)

129,046 (57.3)

  Grand multiparous

6,310 (12.8)

43,117 (87.2)

49,427 (22.0)

Pregnancy intention

  Intended

33,044 (20.4)

128,904 (79.6)

161,948 (71.9)

  Unintended

14,120 (22.4)

49,019 (77.6)

63,138 (28.1)

Media exposure

  No

8,850 (11.3)

69,703 (88.7)

78,553 (35.0)

  Yes

38,268 (26.2)

107,944 (73.8)

146,212 (65.0)

Timing of ANC

  Timely

26,197 (33.3)

52,481 (66.7)

78,678 (39.1)

  Delayed

20,974 (17.1)

101,336 (82.9)

122,310 (60.9)

Sex of household head

  Male

34,995 (19.7)

142,701 (80.3)

177,696 (78.9)

  Female

12,176 (25.7)

35,263 (74.3)

47,439 (21.1)

Blood pressure measured

  No

1,831 (7.3)

23,237 (92.7)

25,068 (12.5)

  Yes

45,340 (25.8)

130,568 (74.2)

175,908 (87.5)

Blood sample has taken

  No

3,103 (9.7)

28,783 (90.3)

31,886 (15.9)

  Yes

44,068 (26.1)

125,009 (73.9)

169,077 (84.1)

Urine sample was taken

  No

7,606 (12.8)

51,847 (87.2)

59,453 (29.6)

  Yes

39,564 (28.0)

101,940 (72.0)

141,504 (70.4)

Received tetanus injection

  No

5,278 (10.1)

46,836 (89.9)

52,114 (23.1)

  Yes

41,887 (24.2)

131,095 (75.8)

172,982 (72.9)

Iron supplementation

  No

3,105 (6.3)

46,183 (93.7)

49,288 (21.9)

  Yes

44,065 (25.0)

131,775 (75.0)

175,840 (78.1)

Residence

  Urban

23,751 (31.8)

50,937 (68.2)

74,688 (33.2)

  Rural

23,420 (15.6)

127,027 (84.5)

150,447 (66.8)

Distance from health facility

  Big problem

14,235 (16.3)

72,980 (83.7)

87,215 (40.3)

  Not big problem

31,635 (24.5)

97,476 (75.5)

129,111 (59.7)