Table 1 Diagnostic criteria of pre-eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia [10, 11]

Proteinuria of ≥ 0.3 g in a 24-h urine specimen, protein (mg/dL) /creatinine (mg/dl) ratio of 0.3 or higher, or a urine dipstick protein of 1

Other maternal organ dysfunctions, including:

 Acute kidney injury (AKI) (creatinine ≥ 90 μmol/L; 1 mg/dL)

 liver involvement (elevated transaminases e.g., ALT or AST > 40 IU/L) with or without right upper quadrant or epigastric abdominal pain)

 Neurological complications e.g., altered mental status, blindness, stroke

 Hematological complications (thrombocytopenia – platelet count below 150,000/μL, DIC, hemolysis)

 Uteroplacental dysfunction e.g., fetal growth restriction

Severe features of preeclampsia

 -Elevated blood pressure (systolic ≥ 160 mm Hg, diastolic ≥ 110 mm Hg)

 -Elevated creatinine level (> 1.1 mg per dL [97 μmol per L] or ≥ 2 times baseline)

 -Hepatic dysfunction (transaminase levels ≥ 2 times upper limit of normal) or right upper-quadrant or epigastric pain

 -New-onset headache or visual disturbances

 -Platelet count < 100 × 103 per μL (100 × 109 per L)

 -Pulmonary edema