Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Women without CVD (n = 398,154) | Women with CVD (n = 22,253) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Obstetric characteristics | |||
Age at delivery, y | 29.37 ± 3.06 | 29.70 ± 3.39 | < 0.001 |
Age at delivery ≥ 35 | 23,180 (5.82) | 1,849 (8.31) | < 0.001 |
Cesarean delivery | 128,851 (32.36) | 8,361 (37.57) | < 0.001 |
Preterm delivery | 10,427 (2.62) | 785 (3.53) | < 0.001 |
Birth weight, kg | 3.21 ± 0.47 | 3.20 ± 0.49 | 0.005 |
Low birth weight | 14,465 (3.63) | 977 (4.39) | < 0.001 |
Macrosomia | 14,612 (3.67) | 888 (3.99) | 0.014 |
Male fetus | 204,762 (51.43) | 11,382 (51.15) | 0.417 |
Gestational diabetes | 5,212 (1.31) | 400 (1.80) | < 0.001 |
Preeclampsia | 8,616 (2.16) | 819 (3.68) | < 0.001 |
Placenta abruption | 1,777 (0.45) | 119 (0.53) | 0.055 |
Placenta previa | 3,669 (0.92) | 253 (1.14) | 0.001 |
Baseline characteristics before pregnancy | |||
BMI, Kg/m2 | 20.59 ± 3.75 | 20.84 ± 2.83 | < 0.001 |
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 23,422 (5.88) | 1,796 (8.07) | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg | 110.81 ± 11.03 | 111.59 ± 11.68 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 69.82 ± 8.27 | 70.43 ± 8.69 | < 0.001 |
BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg | 8,178 (2.05) | 676 (3.04) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 15,949 (4.01) | 1,455 (6.54) | < 0.001 |
AST, U/L | 19.43 ± 11.40 | 19.85 ± 10.10 | < 0.001 |
ALT, U/L | 15.20 ± 16.46 | 15.91 ± 16.73 | < 0.001 |
Abnormal liver enzyme | 19,975 (5.02) | 1,343 (6.04) | < 0.001 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 86.29 ± 12.95 | 86.61 ± 16.61 | 0.005 |
Fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL | 1,994 (0.50) | 171 (0.70) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 13,444 (3.38) | 1,138 (5.11) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 173.71 ± 31.92 | 175.28 ± 32.06 | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL | 68,247 (17.14) | 4,248 (19.09) | < 0.001 |
Smoking | < 0.001 | ||
Non-smoker | 371,493 (93.30) | 20,477 (5.22) | |
Ex-smoker | 11,902 (2.99) | 805 (3.62) | |
Current smoker | 14,759 (3.71) | 971 (4.36) | |