Table 2 Adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes among women with and without STI at 1st ANC visit by HIV status in South Africa (2016–2019)
| Â | All women | Women living without HIV - 133 (21) | Â | Women living with HIV - 486 (79) | Â | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 619) | Any STI, n (%) | No STI, n (%) |  | Any STI, n (%) | No STI, n (%) |  | |
Total of all women with pregnancy outcomes | n (%) | 36 (27) | 97 (73) | RRa(95% CI) | 192 (40) | 294 (60) | RRa(95% CI) |
Pregnancy losses | |||||||
 Total pregnancy losses | 45 (7) | 2 (6) | 6 (6) |  | 13 (7) | 24 (8) |  |
 Miscarriage GA ≤ 20 weeks | 29 (5) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | – | 9 (5) | 17 (6) | 0.83 (0.36–1.91) |
 Stillbirth GA > 20 weeks | 16 (2) | 2 (6) | 3 (3) | 1.88 (0.30–11.85) | 4 (2) | 7 (2) | 0.90 (0.25–3.12) |
Live birth outcomes | |||||||
 Total live births | 574 (93) | 34 (95) | 91 (94) |  | 179 (93) | 270 (92) |  |
 Full term delivery GA ≥ 37 weeks | 509 (82) | 30 (83) | 85 (88) | ref | 153 (80) | 241 (82) | ref |
 Preterm delivery GA < 37 weeks | 62 (10) | 4 (11) | 5 (5) | 2.26 (0.57–9.00) | 24 (12) | 29 (10) | 1.30 (0.73–2.32) |
 Early neonatal death | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | – | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | – |
 LBW < 2500 g | 35 (7) | 2 (7) | 3 (4) | 1.02 (0.69–1.44) | 13 (9) | 17 (7) | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) |
  ≥ 2500 | 473 (93) | 28 (93) | 82 (96) | ref | 140 (91) | 223 (93) | ref |
 Birth weight (median, IQR) grams (nb = 508) | 3175 (2880–3450) | 3195 (3060–3750) | 3360 (3020–3570) |  | 3100 (2830–3370) | 3175 (2855–3405) |  |
Composite adverse outcome | |||||||
 Adverse outcome | 146 (24) | 8 (22) | 15 (15) | 1.43 (0.60–3.38) | 52 (27) | 71 (24) | 1.12 (0.78–1.60) |
 No adverse outcome | 473 (76) | 28 (78) | 82 (85) | ref | 140 (73) | 223 (76) | ref |